Fig. 7.

Impact of microbubble interactions with cells. Laser sequence: t = 0 snapshot 920 nm (calcein AM) and 1100 nm (mCherry); 0-50 seconds 1280 nm (THG and calcein AM); 52-132 seconds 1100 nm (activation of PFC nanodroplets) and 1280 nm (THG and calcein AM); 920 nm and 1280 nm for all other times. (a) HT1080 cells (numbered arrows) expressing H2B-mCherry and Lifeact-GFP pre-labeled with vital dye calcein AM in a collagen matrix before activation of ND-Cy3 nanodroplets. (b) Microbubble formation is visible as white spots proximal to cells 1 and 3 following activation of nanodroplets with 1100 nm (~128 mW). THG and calcein AM signals were monitored using 1280 nm and 920 nm, respectively, every 1 minute for up to 60 minutes. Inset shows all 3 cells in collagen matrix. (c and d) Mechanical perturbation of cells 1 and 3 by expanding microbubbles post activation. (e) Control showing calcein AM signal (i) dominates endogenous HT1080 Lifeact-GFP (ii) signal (~7 mW 920 nm). Scale bar = 25µm.