Table 1. Comparison of the Catalytic Performances of RB, BOC, and the Electrocatalysts Reported in the Literature for the Reduction of CO2 to Formate.
| catalyst | overpotential (V) | FE (%) | current density (mA cm–2) | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| metal (Sn, Pb, or In) plate | >1.10 | >80 | <5.0 | (12, 14, 19, 32) |
| nano-Sn/graphene | 1.12 | 93.6 | 10.2 | (11) |
| Sn quantum sheets confined in graphene | 1.14 | 89 | 21.1 | (3) |
| porous Pb | 1.04 | 88 | <10.0 | (33) |
| nano-Bi/Cu | 0.89 | 91.3 | 3.1 | (31) |
| RB | 0.99 | 90 | 4.8 | this work |
| BOC | 0.59 | 83 | 1.0 | this work |
| partially oxidized Co four-atom-thick layer | 0.24 | 90 | 10.6 | (34) |
| Pd/C | <0.20 | 99 | 3.0–5.5 | (30) |