Table 2. Properties of Some Modified PAN and Other Antifouling Ultrafiltration Membranes in the Literature.
| modification method or membrane material | flux (L/m2·h·bar) and FRR (BSA) | rejection | FRR change (PAN)a | flux ratio (PAN)a | refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| coating [polyethyleneimine (PEI) + Cu2+] | PAN–PEI–Cu, flux: 63 (at 0.16 MPa) | HA: 91% | 63/128 | (49) | |
| hydrolysisa/poly(AN-co-meth acrylic acid) membrane | flux: 28–150 at 1.5 kg/cm2 | MWCO: 9–75 kDa | from 53 to 91% | (28–150)/215 | (50) |
| hydrolysis + reaction (with DETAd+ PFOAe) | PAN–PFOA, flux: 89 | BSA: 99.5% | from 58 to 96%c | 90/150 | (37) |
| hydrolysis + reaction (with PEG) | PAN–PEG, flux: 40 | from 64 to 77% | 40/56 | (40) | |
| hydrolysis + reaction (with oligodeoxynucleotide) | modified PAN, flux: 79 | BSA: 93% | from 41 to 89% | 77/79 | (51) |
| hydrolysis + reaction (with PEI-based zwitterion) | Z(PEI)–PAN, flux: 125 | BSA: 99% | from 78 to 99.8%c | 140/160 | (52) |
| hydrolysis + coating (tetraethyl orthosilicate) | PAN–SiO2; flux: 58 | PEG6000: 90% | from 76 to 91% | 58/605 | (53) |
| additivef (PAN-g-poly(vinyl alcohol))/PAN (hollow fiber) | flux: 140 | trypsin: 74% | from 75 to 85% | 140/41 | (54) |
| coating (sulfonated poly-aniline)/PVDF membrane | PVDF/SPANI, flux: 160 | BSA: 90% | from 65 to 95%g | (55) | |
| additive (PU)/PVDF membrane | PU–PVDF (adding 4%), flux: 181 | BSA: 90% | 90% | (56) | |
| reaction (with ETA)/PAN membrane | P70/E12-6h-D, flux: 100 | PEG20000: 91% | from 28 to 82% | 100/260 | this study |
a
Compared with the nascent PAN membrane.
b
Hydrolysis: NaOH treatment.
c
BSA solution with buffer.
d
EDTA: diethylenetriamine.
e
PFOA: pentadecafluorooctanoic acid.
f
Membrane prepared by the NIPS method using special additive, shown in brace.
g
Membrane was taken out and immersed in the phosphate butter for 10 min and rinsed with pure water for 20 min.