Table 3.
Group Meansa and Standard Deviations for Homicide Rates for Various Years, Covariates, and Index Components Included in Logistic Regression Models.
| Low | Medium | High | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 30) | (n =17) | (n = 18) | |
| Homicide rate | 1.3 (0.43) |
5.06 (2.39) |
17.14 (13.56) |
| Homicide rate 1980 | 1.29 (0.46) |
2.66 (1.51) |
16.71 (17.95) |
| Homicide rate 1995 | 1.25 (0.62) |
4.26 (1.73) |
20.68 (14.51) |
| Homicide rate 2010 | 0.919 (0.48) |
6.12 (8.42) |
16.91 (14.62) |
| Three-year moving Ave homicideb | 0.526 (0.22) |
1.48 (0.28) |
2.59 (0.50) |
| Population size | 22,800,710 (29,567,266) |
9,978,208 (9,570,238) |
48,682,937 (73,828,936) |
| Mean values for covariates | |||
| Population size (In) | 16.04 (1.56) |
15.55 (1.32) |
16.43 (1.78) |
| Development Index | −3.00 (2.33) |
1.59 (2.92) |
2.34 (2.51) |
| Female labor force participation | 49.97 (9.16) |
46.08 (7.34) |
51.4 (7.75) |
| Percent divorced males | 3.92 (2.33) |
2.02 (2.23) |
3.37 (3.34) |
| Sex ratio (males/females) | 96.41 (7.10) |
98.06 (3.29) |
94.64 (5.66) |
| Percent urban population | 74.79 (14.277) |
60.23 (19.82) |
59.19 (14.57) |
| Net migration | 209,204 (314,339) |
−111,681 (162,192) |
206,023 (1,357,063) |
| Latin American region dummy | 0 (0) |
0.53 (0.51) |
0.50 (0.51) |
| Development index componentsc | |||
| Gini Index | 30.40 (5.53) |
40.88 (11.28) |
43.74 (10.16) |
| GDP per cap, constant US$ | 31,770 (17,131) |
7,161 (8,076) |
7,277 (8,652) |
| Infant mortality rate | 9.43 (8.84) |
27.17 (18.00) |
28.17 (12.45) |
| Percent males ages 15–29 | 23.07 (1.77) |
25.79 (2.77) |
26.60 (2.01) |
| Shadow economy | 21.14 (11.79) |
35.39 (10.34) |
39.10 (12.19) |
a
Mean computed as average across countries within trajectory group of all valid cases over time unless year specified.
b
Variable transformed using natural logarithm.
c
The Development Index is an indicator of developing or lesser developed countries rather than developed or advanced countries whereby high values on the index indicate lower levels of development.