Table 2.
Characteristics of Patients Enrolled in the Max Clinic (n = 50) and Standard-of-Care Controls (n = 100)
| Max Clinic (n = 50) | Standard-of-Care Controls (n = 100) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | P Value | |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 11 (22) | 28 (28) | .073 |
| Male | 36 (72) | 71 (71) | |
| Transgender, genderqueer, or nonbinary | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 41 (10) | 44 (10) | .042 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 27 (54) | 44 (44) | .041 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 12 (24) | 36 (36) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 4 (8) | 1 (1) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (2) | 4 (4) | |
| Multiple | 6 (12) | 8 (8) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 7 (7) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 3 (6) | 17 (17) | .062 |
| HIV risk factor at the time of HIV diagnosisa | |||
| MSM/IDU | 22 (44) | 19 (19) | .001 |
| IDU (non-MSM) | 12 (24) | 13 (13) | |
| MSM (non-IDU) | 6 (12) | 30 (30) | |
| Heterosexual/presumed heterosexual | 8 (16) | 28 (28) | |
| Unknown | 2 (4) | 10 (10) | |
| Baseline CD4 count, cells/mm3b | |||
| <200 | 28 (56) | 40 (40) | .010 |
| 200–500 | 12 (24) | 43 (43) | |
| >500 | 7 (14) | 17 (17) | |
| No documented tests before enrollment | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | |
| Baseline HIV RNA, median (IQR), copies/mL | 22 695 (4055–122 150) | 1649 (83–23 270) | <.001 |
| Substance use documented in medical recordc | |||
| Methamphetamine (+/- opioids or others) | 29 (58) | 40 (40) | .063 |
| Opioids (+/- crack cocaine, unhealthy alcohol use) | 6 (12) | 8 (8) | |
| Cocaine/crack cocaine (+/- unhealthy alcohol use) | 5 (10) | 10 (10) | |
| Unhealthy alcohol use (+/- marijuana) | 5 (10) | 12 (12) | |
| Marijuana only | 2 (4) | 3 (3) | |
| None of the above | 3 (6) | 27 (27) | |
| Psychiatric illnessc | |||
| Psychotic, bipolar, or personality disorder (+/- depression/anxiety) | 16 (32) | 26 (26) | .682 |
| Depression or anxiety disorder | 23 (46) | 47 (47) | |
| None of the above | 11 (22) | 27 (27) | |
| Housing documented in medical recordc | |||
| Stable | 18 (36) | 61 (61) | <.001 |
| Transient/unstable | 6 (12) | 22 (22) | |
| Homeless, sleeping in a shelter | 7 (14) | 8 (8) | |
| Homeless, sleeping outside | 19 (38) | 6 (6) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | |
| History of incarceration documented in medical record | 34 (68) | 31 (31) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: IDU, Injection drug user; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, man who has sex with men.
aDefined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance criteria: IDU, MSM.
bUp to 14 days postenrollment.
cDocumented in the medical record (including case management notes) before or on the date of Max Clinic enrollment (or, for controls, the date of the matched Max Clinic patient enrollment).
dIncludes medical motel, staying with friends, “couch surfing.”