Table 2.
Postoperative complications. Data presented as number (proportion). Effect size reported as odds ratio (95%Confidence Interval).
| Restrict group (n = 24) | Conventional care group (n = 24) | Effect size (95%CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 7.0 (6.0:8.0) | 8.0 (6.0:10.0) | 0.86 (0.71:1.1)a | 0.17 |
| Patients with a complication | 14 (58%) | 16 (67%) | 0.70 (0.22–2.26)b | 0.55 |
| Number of complications per patient | 1.8 (1.8) | 2.2 (2.1) | 0.85 (0.45:1.59)a | 0.60 |
| Clavien Dindo Grade of most severe complication | 0.79 (0.27–1.96)c | 0.71 | ||
| Grade I | 3 (13%) | 3 (13%) | ||
| Grade II | 10 (42%) | 11 (46%) | ||
| Grade III | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | Not estimableb | |
| Grade IV | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grade V | 0 | 1 (4%) | ||
| Wound infection | 3 (13%) | 5 (21%) | 0.54 (0.11:2.58) | 0.44 |
| Superficial surgical site infection | 3 (13%) | 4 (17%) | 0.71 (0.14:3.60) | 0.68 |
| Deep surgical site infection | 0 | 1 (4%) | Not estimable | >0.99 |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 2 (8%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (0.13:7.75) | >0.99 |
| Bile leak | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 0.48 (0.04:5.66) | 0.56 |
| Cardiorespiratory complications | 9 (37.5%) | 13 (54%) | 0.51 (0.16:1.61) | 0.25 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (0.06:16.97) | >0.99 |
| Pneumonia | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 0.48 (0.04:5.66) | 0.56 |
| Pulmonary atelectasis | 4 (17%) | 3 (13%) | 1.40 (0.28:7.06) | 0.68 |
| Pulmonary congestion | 0 | 2 (8%) | 0.40 (0:5.29) | 0.49 |
| Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (0.06:16.97) | >0.99 |
| Arrhythmia | 2 (8%) | 4 (17%) | 0.45 (0.07:2.76) | 0.39 |
| Acute pancreatitis | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (0.06:16.97) | >0.99 |
| Acute kidney injury | 4 (17%) | 4 (17%) | 1 (0.22:4.56) | >0.99 |
| Delirium | 1 (4%) | 3 (13%) | 0.30 (0.03:3.16) | 0.32 |
| Liver failure | 0 | 1 (4%) | Not estimable | >0.99 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 2.09 (0.18:24.73) | 0.56 |
| Electrolyte disturbances | 11 (27%) | 8 (62%) | 1.69 (0.53:5.44) | 0.377 |
| Hypokalemia | 7 (29%) | 3 (13%) | 2.88 (0.65:12.87) | 0.165 |
| Hypomagnesemia | 2 (8%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (0.13:7.75) | >0.99 |
| Hypophosphatemia | 2 (8%) | 3 (13%) | 0.64 (0.10:4.20) | 0.64 |
| Endocrine abnormalities | 3 (13%) | 1 (4%) | 3.29 (0.32:34.08) | 0.32 |
| Drug reaction | 1 (4%) | 0 | Not estimable | >0.99 |
| Refractory analgesia | 0 | 1 (4%) | Not estimable | >0.99 |
| Otherc | 2 (8%) | 3 (13%) | 0.64 (0.10:4.20) | 0.64 |
| Required blood transfusion | 4 (17%) | 3 (13%) | 1.4 (0.28:7.06) | 0.68 |
| Return to theatre | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 0.48 (0.04:5.66) | 0.56 |
| Unplanned intensive care unit admission | 0 | 1 (4%) | Not estimable | >0.99 |
dAverage difference with robust 95%CI.
a
Incidence rate ratio.
b
Odds ratio.
c
Generalized odds ratio.