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. 2019 Jul 19;9:10478. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46571-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sections from AVL chambers for blood vessel markers. (A–C) α-SMA (blood vessel wall), (D–F) CD31 (endothelial cell), (G–I) laminin (basement membrane) were stained at day 7 (left column), day 14 (middle), day 28 (right). Increasing numbers of blood vessels (dark brown structures) appear with increasing time. Scale bar = 500 µm. The areas of staining for (J) α-SMA (K) CD31 (L) laminin were then measured and expressed as a percentage of the total chamber area, mean ± SD in AVL (black) compared to no AVL controls (white) over time. ***P < 0.0001, **P < 0.001, *P < 0.05. Larger magnifications can be found in Supplementary Fig. S5A–F.