Fig. 3.

Frequency dependence of pinched hysteresis for DPhPC memcapacitors. a, b Display the dynamical capacitance of a symmetric DPhPC bilayer as a function of time and voltage, respectively. The results show that steady-state dynamic capacitance is minimum when v is zero. As expected, EW and EC incur significantly greater changes in normalized capacitance (C/C₀) for a DPhPC bilayer in decane. c, d Display Q-v and C-v (upper insets) measured in response to a sinusoidal voltage, v(t), applied to DPhPC bilayer memcapacitors assembled in hexadecane and decane, respectively. The lower insets in each display the energy dissipated by the reconfigurable membrane at an excitation frequency of 0.017 Hz. Pinched hysteresis for bilayers in hexadecane occurs at excitation frequencies between 0.005–2 Hz, whereas bilayers in decane exhibit pinched hysteresis across a wider frequency range, from 0.001–5 Hz. These results highlight the system’s modularity, where changing the oil can be used to tune the bandwidth of memory capacitance