Fig. 3.

NA monarchs reared in environmental chambers do not orient south. (A) Orientation plots of NA monarchs raised in a summerlike and an autumnlike chamber and NA monarchs raised outdoors in both a summer and an autumn generation. Each black line indicates the mean direction (0° to 359°) of an individual butterfly, and the length of the line represents the strength of that direction (0 to 1). The red arrow indicates the mean direction of the group, and the length of the arrow indicates the strength of the group direction. 0° is north. (B) Orientation plot of wild NA monarchs caught along their migration route through Chicago, IL. (C) Orientation plot of NA monarchs raised outdoors but brought indoors for eclosion.