TABLE 4.
Symptom Burden, Interference, and Cytokines for Rural and Nonrural Participants at Time Points 4–6
| Variable | Time 4 (N = 15) | Time 5 (N = 12) | Time 6 (N =10) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | SD | d/p | n | SD | d/p | n | SD | d/p | |||
| Symptom severity | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 1.37 | 1.23 | −0.03 | 5 | 1.98 | 1.28 | −0.91 | 4 | 1.73 | 1.65 | −0.8 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 1.33 | 1.79 | 0.44 | 7 | 0.91 | 1.28 | 0.11 | 6 | 0.9 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
| Top 5 symptoms | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 3.09 | 2.49 | −0.32 | 5 | 4.88 | 3.22 | −1.36 | 4 | 4 | 3.7 | −0.88 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 2.35 | 2.49 | 0.41 | 7 | 1.83 | 1.79 | 0.05 | 6 | 2.03 | 1.3 | 0.71 |
| Symptoms > 3a | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 1.71 | 2.06 | 0.18 | 5 | 3 | 2.74 | −0.66 | 4 | 2.75 | 3.2 | −0.85 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 2.25 | 3.88 | 0.74 | 7 | 1.43 | 2.51 | 0.56 | 6 | 1 | 1.55 | 0.6 |
| Symptom interference | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 2.71 | 2.69 | −0.71 | 5 | 3 | 2.74 | −1.58 | 4 | 2.25 | 2.63 | −0.92 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 1.25 | 1.67 | 0.34 | 7 | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.24 | 6 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.72 |
| IL-1RA | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 627.8 | 417.5 | 0.08 | 5 | 449.7 | 166.1 | 0.26 | 4 | 368.5 | 225.3 | −0.5 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 658.6 | 449.1 | 0.84 | 7 | 523.8 | 381.8 | 0.88 | 6 | 288.6 | 140.32 | 0.76 |
| IL-1β | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 0.14 | 0.22 | −0.48 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 4 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.83 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 0.07 | 0.1 | 1 | 7 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.68 | 6 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.38 |
| IL-6 | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 8.92 | 9.16 | −0.6 | 5 | 15.82 | 24.94 | −0.66 | 4 | 6.86 | 5.8 | −0.48 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 5.19 | 3.76 | 0.84 | 7 | 5.91 | 6.06 | 0.76 | 6 | 4.45 | 5.51 | 0.26 |
| TNFα | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 4.71 | 1.54 | −0.9 | 5 | 5.3 | 2.8 | −0.84 | 4 | 7.31 | 3.6 | −1.26 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 3.42 | 1.54 | 0.17 | 7 | 3.5 | 2.01 | 0.27 | 6 | 4.55 | 1.36 | 0.48 |
| CRPb | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 2.56 | 1.79 | 0.29 | 5 | 46.4 | 97.6 | −0.72 | 4 | 2.04 | 1.38 | −0.97 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 5.22 | 12.7 | 0.35 | 7 | 5.7 | 45.44 | 0.88 | 6 | 0.87 | 1.31 | 0.17 |
| IL-1β/IL-1RA ratio | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 7 | 0.13 | 0.19 | −0.35 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.43 | 4 | 0.94 | 1.01 | 1.29 |
| Nonrural | 8 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.83 | 7 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.84 | 6 | 4.04 | 3.32 | 0.19 |
a
Symptom severity is rated on a 0–10 numeric rating scale ranging from 0 (not present) to 10 (worst imaginable). Scores greater than 3 represent moderate or severe symptom intensity.
b
CRP values were expressed in mg/dl; all other cytokines values in pg/dl CRP—C-reactive protein; d/p—Cohen’s d for comparisons of rural to nonrural participants at each time point; p value for the Wilcoxon two-sample exact test comparing rural to nonrural participants at each time point; IL—interleukin; TNF—tumor necrosis factor