. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1941:107–135. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9077-1_9

Table 2:

Commonly used pharmacological agents for isolating AMPA and NMDA receptor mediated responses and application routes.

Pharmacological Agent	Receptor Action	Concentration Used (μM)	Common Application Methods
APV/AP-5 (DL-2-amino- 5-phosphonopentanoic acid)	NMDA receptor antagonist	30–50	bath & puff applied
DNQX (6,7- dinitroquinoxaline-2,3 -dione)	AMPA receptor antagonist	10–20	bath & puff applied
CNQX (6-cyano-7- nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione)	AMPA receptor antagonist	10–40	bath & puff applied
NMDA (N-methyl-D- aspartate)	NMDA receptor agonist	5–100	bath & puff applied
Spermine	AMPA receptor (Ca²⁺ permeable only) antagonist	25	Intracellular solution through recording micropipette
Other polyamines	AMPA receptor (Ca²⁺ permeable only) antagonists	Varies, depending on the polyamine used	Intracellular solution through recording micropipette