Translocation of opioids across the trophoblast monolayer over time expressed
as percentage of dose, showing mean ± standard deviation. The doses were
either individual opioids (morphine, heroin, fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone,
or naloxone) or mixtures of opioids (morphine + naloxone,
heroin + methadone, or heroin + fentanyl). (A color version of this figure
is available in the online journal.)