Table 2.

Molecular targets of curcumol in different cancer types.

Type of cancer	Cell line	Treatment conditions		IC50/Dose	Molecular targets	Cell cycle arrest	References
		No. of cells/well	Treatment time
Lung	A549, H1299	2×106	24 h	30 μM	p38 MAPK↓, PI3K/Akt┴ , caspase-3/caspase-9Act CDK2↓, cyclin E↓, Bcl-xl↓, Bcl-2↓, Bad↑, Bax↑, p21↑, p-ERK↓	G0/G1	64
	ASTC-a-1	-	3 h, 6 h, 12h	100 μM	∆Ψm↓	G2/M	52
	SPC-A-1	2×106 cells	72 h	32.7 µM	-	G0/G1	32
Nasopharyngeal	CNE-2	2×103	24 h, 72 h	-	NCL┴ (Nucleolin)	-	28
	CNE-2	-	-	-	NF-κB↓	-	54
	NPC 5-8F	5×105	48 h	0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 µM/ml	N-cadherin┴, E-cadherin↑	-	66
	CNE-2	3×103 per well	24, 48, 72, 96 h	50 µg/ml	IGF-1R↓, GSK-3β, p-p85↓, p85↓, p-Akt↓, cyclin E↓, cyclin D1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, p21↑, p27↑	G0/G1	63
Breast	MDA-MB-231	4×103	48 h, 72 h	85.0 µg/ml, 13.5 µg/ml	p73↑, Bak↑ PUMA↑	G1	38
	MDA-MB-231, 4T1	0.8×104	24 h	-	MMP-9↓, p-JNK1/2┴, p-Akt┴, NF-κB┴	-	53
	MDA-MB-231	1×105	24 h	20 µg/ml	eEF1A1↓	-	67
Gastric	AGS, MGC- 803	1.0×104 cells/ml	24, 48, 72 h	72.40, 64.28, 63.83 μg/ml	Bax/Bcl-2↑, PCNA↓	S, G2/M, G0/G1	23
	MGC-803	-	24, 48, 72 h	-	MMP↓, IDH1↓, ROS↑	G2/M	68
Liver	HSC-T6	-	48 h	300 μM	PARP cleavage, caspase-3Act, NF-κB translocation↓, p-IκB-α┴, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xl↓	-	27
	HepG2	-	-	-	pRB1↑, CDK2↑, cyclin D1↑, CDK8↑, p53↑, p27KIP1↑, p21WAF1↑ Wip1↑,cyclin A1↓	G1	55
Colorectal	LoVo	8×102	24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h	0.48, 0.31, 0.24, 0.15, 0.11 μM	IGF-1R↓, p-p38 MAPK↑,CREB┴, Bax/Bcl-2↑, PARP-1↑, ki-67↓, Bcl-2↓, CREB1↓, Bax↑	-	56
	LoVo	1×104	24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h	93.59 μg/ml	NF-κB↓, PTEN↑, p-p85↓, p85↓, p-Akt↓, Akt↓	-	69
	HCT-116	1×104	24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h	76.15 μg/ml	miR-21↓	-	69
	SW480	1×104	24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h	209.09 μg/ml	-	-	69
Choriocarcinoma	JEG-3	-	-	75 μg/ml	DNMT1↓, DNMT3b↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC3↓	-	29
Osteosarcoma	MG-63	1×104 cells/well	48 h	63.5 mg/l	p-JNK↑	-	70
Ovarian	SKOV3	-	-	-	JAK2┴, STAT-3┴	-	57
Bladder	EJ	5×103	24, 48, 72 h	12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/ml	EZH2↓	-	71
	T24	5×103	24, 48, 72 h	12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/ml	EZH2↓	-	71