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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 22.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Promot. 2019 Apr 22;33(5):652–665. doi: 10.1177/0890117119842047

Table 5.

Comparing Selected 2004 and 2017 Estimates.

2004, % (95% CI) 2017, % (95% CI) P Value 20l7–2004, % Absolute
Difference (95% CI)

Comprehensive program elements
 Supportive social and physical environment 29.2 (24.7–35.0) 56.0 (50.6–61.4) <.001 26.1 (18.7–33.5)
 Linkage to related programs 41.3 (35.7–46.7) 65.3 (59.9–70.6) <.001 24.0 (16.4–31.6)
 Health education 26.2 (21.5–30.8) 48.3 (43.2–53.3) <.001 22.1 (15.3–28.9)
 Integration 28.6 (23.4–33.7) 38.8 (33.2–44.3) .009 10.2 (2.6–17.8)
 Health screenings 23.5 (18.7–28.3) 38.4 (33.5–43.3) <.001 14.9 (8.0–21.8)
 All 5 elements 6.9 (3.9–10.0) 17.1 (13.7–20.6) <.001 10.2 (5.6–14.8)
Programs
 Physical activity 19.6 (15.5–23.7) 41.1 (35.5–46.7) <.001 21.5 (14.6–28.4)
 Nutrition 22.7 (18.2–27.2) 34.5 (29.1–40.0) .001 11.8 (4.7–18.9)
 Stress 24.9 (20.1–29.9) 29.3 (23.8–34.8) .242 4.4 (–3.0–11.8)
 Tobacco 18.6 (14.5–22.5) 28.5 (23.5–33.4) .002 9.9 (3.5–16.3)
 Weight management 21.4 (16.9–25.9) 29.8 (24.7–34.8) .015 8.4 (1.6–15.2)
 Employee assistance program 44.7 (39.3–50.1) 62.5 (52.2–72.7) <.001 17.8 (8.0–27.6)
Screenings
 Blood pressure 36.4 (31.0–41.7) 34.0 (29.0–39.0) .523 2.4 (–5.0–9.8)
 Cholesterol 29.4 (24.5–34.4) 29.9 (25.1–34.6) .886 0.5 (–6.4–7.4)
 Diabetes 27.4 (22.5–32.3) 29.5 (24.9–34.2) .542 2.1 (–4.7–8.9)
Disease management
 Hypertension 22.9 (18.1–27.6) 27.9 (22.8–33.1) .197 5.0 (–2.6–12.6)
 Diabetes 25.0 (20.1–29.8) 27.0 (22.0–32.0) .612 2.0 (–5.7–9.7)
 Obesity 16.4 (12.2–20.5) 26.0 (21.0–31.0) <.001 9.6 (5.4-l3.8)
 Cancer 22.5 (17.7–27.8) 22.1 (17.2–27.0) .906 0.4 (–6.2–7.0)
 Depression 20.5 (16.1–24.9) 23.5 (18.6–28.4) .180 3.0 (–1.4–7.4)
 High-risk pregnancy 18.6 (14.2–22.9) 14.2 (10.4–18.0) .048 4.4 (0.0–8.8)
 Asthma 19.1 (14.8–23.4) 16.8 (12.7–20.9) .292 2.3 (–2.0–6.6)

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. Estimates in bold are significant at P < .05.