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Putative MSC mechanisms of action to treat neurodegenerative diseases: 1) growth factor secretion, 2) neuroinflammation attenuation, and 3) exosome and miRNA secretion.
GDNF = glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, IDO = Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, miRNA = microRNA, PGE = prostaglandin, TGFB1 = transforming growth factor beta 1, Treg = Regulatory T cell, VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.
