Table 1.

Biological and Questionnaire Data Collected at Each Time Point

Measure	Time Point	Group	Type of Assay/Analysis
Stool	1-week, 3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Infant	Gut microbiome 16 rRNA gene sequencing
Blood	1-week & 18 month	Infant	Plasma cytokines
Saliva	3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Infant, Mother	Diurnal cortisol, collected 3 times (at wake, 30 min after awakening, and 8 pm) & Salivary oxytocin
Buccal	1-week, 3, 6-, 12- month	Infant	HLA genotypes & DNA methylation
Questionnaires	1-week, 3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Mother	Perceived stress, depression symptoms, anxiety
Infant Feeding Survey	1-week, 3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Mother	Maternal report of infant feeding sources
Infant Food Diary	3,6 and 12 month	Mother	Record of infant food consumption in 24 h period
Infant + Maternal Sleep & health	3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Mother	Maternal report of infant and mother’s sleep patterns and illnesses, diagnoses, medications
Parental Bonding	6 months	Mother	Maternal report of their mother’s parenting style for first 16 years of life.
Stressful life events & Neighborhood safety	12-month	Mother	Measures on new life stressors and neighborhood and home safety
Sociodemographic	3, 12-month	Mother	Questionnaire on sociodemographic variables
Videotaped Observation	3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Infant, Mother	Maternal-infant interaction style
NNNS	1-week	Infant	Infant neurodevelopment
Infant Cry	1-week	Infant	Cry quality for neural integrity
Bayley Scales	3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Infant	Infant cognitive and social-emotional development
Child Growth Measures	1-week, 3-, 6-, 12-, & 18 month	Infant	Infant growth trajectory
Maternal Cognitive Assessment	Once at any visit	Mother	Measures memory, visual processing and information retrieval