CF129 overexpression inhibits PC cell proliferation and invasion. (A) CF129 expression was detected in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells by qRT-PCR following transfection with a control plasmid or one encoding full-length human CF129. (B, C) Proliferation of PANC-1/BxPC-3 cells overexpressing CF129 or control were assessed via MTT assays for 5 days and colony formation assay for 8 days. (D, E) How CF129 overexpression affects cellular migration and invasion ability was investigated by using wound-healing and transwell assays. (F) PANC-1 cells transfected with control and CF129 overexpression vector were implanted in the flanks of nude mice and tumor volumes were assessed every third day (n=7 mice per group). (G) After 3 weeks, the weight of each tumor was measured respectively. (H) Tumor, liver, and H&E stained sections are shown. Arrows indicate the invasion nodules. (I, J) The frequency and number of liver metastases in mice were quantified. Overexpressed CF129 results in lower incidence of liver metastases (5/7 vs 2/7) and fewer total metastases (53 vs 5).