IRF1 expression in atherosclerotic lesions from human and mice. A, Western blots of IRF1 in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions (n=12) and internal mammary arteries (n=10). B, Quantification of band density in panel A. C, Immunofluorescence assay of IRF1 in human carotid atherosclerotic lesion. Sections were co-stained for IRF1 (green) and cell specific markers (red; CD68 for macrophage, α-SMA for smooth muscle cell, von Willebrand Factor for endothelial cell). 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used for nucleus staining (blue). M, Macrophage-rich areas; S, VSMC-rich areas; E, Endothelium. Scale bar = 100 μm. D, Western blots of IRF1 in atherosclerotic mice fed with western diet or chow diet (n=8 for each group). E, Quantification of band density in panel D. F, Immunofluorescence staining and quantification (lower right) of IRF1 in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic sinus from ApoE-/- mice (F4/80 for macrophage, α-SMA for smooth muscle cell, von Willebrand Factor for endothelial cell). Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tamhanes's T2 test was used to produce the P values given in panel E. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni test was used to produce the P values given in panel F. * P < 0.05 vs. control group.