Exhibit 2 (table).
PM2.5 level1 | Increment Change (95% CI) in Total Charges2 |
Increment Change (95% CI) in Total Costs2 |
---|---|---|
1 month average | $195 (−39 to +563) | $114 (8 to +298)* |
Lifetime3 | $285 (25 to +734)* | $127 (28 to + 302)** |
Source: Authors’ analysis from the following sources 1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Aerometric Information Retrieval System and 2) Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
Notes:
Average level within a 10-mile radius of the hospital
Increment change in dollars calculated using Duan transformation for linear regression
Monthly averages from birth month to month of hospitalization
p-value ≤ 0.05
p-value ≤ 0.01
Controlled for age, race (white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American, or other), gender, income, insurance (Medicare, Medicaid, private, self-pay, no charge, or other), hospital region of the country (Northeast, South, Midwest, or West), teaching status of the hospital, and month of admission.