Table 4. Trap Densities Reported for CH3NH3PbI3 Thin Films in the Literature.
| reference | method | trap density (cm–3) | trap depth ET (eV) |
|---|---|---|---|
| (34) | thermally stimulated current (TSC) | >1015 | ∼0.5 |
| (55) | noise spectroscopy | 4 × 1015 | ∼0.8 |
| (56) | deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) | ∼1015 | 0.62 |
| ∼1015 | 0.75 | ||
| (57) | steady state photocarrier grating | >1016 | recombination center |
| (58) | TSC | 9 × 1016 | 0.18 |
| 5 × 1016 | 0.49 | ||
| (59) | admittance spectroscopy | ∼1016 cm–3 | 0.16 |
| (60) | admittance spectroscopy | ∼1016 cm–3 a | 0.27 |
| ∼1017 cm–3 b | 0.28 | ||
| (35) | DLTS | 9 × 1013 to 5 × 1014 cm–3 | 0.78 |
a
Dimethylformamide as solvent with hydroiodic acid as additive.
b
Dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent.