Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study participants according to the presence or absence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
| No PAD group (n=54) | PAD group (n=113) | Total (n=167) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.26±10.58 | 73.29±8.01 | 69.72±10.28 | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 19 (35.19%) | 46 (40.71%) | 65 (38.92%) | 0.494 |
| Male | 35 (64.81%) | 67 (59.29%) | 102 (61.08%) | 0.494 |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | 10 (0, 26) | 10 (0.17, 30) | 10 (0, 30) | 0.141 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 8.7 (5.6, 18.7) | 8.2 (0.8, 19.9) | 8.3 (0.8, 19.9) | 0.277 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 8.39 (2.95, 22.60) | 8.05 (2.59, 45.98) | 8.29 (2.59, 45.98) | 0.445 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.83 (1.90, 6.51) | 4.07 (1.75, 9.65) | 4.00 (1.75, 9.65) | 0.034 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.16 (0.44, 3.78) | 1.29 (0.45, 6.78) | 1.27 (0.44, 6.78) | 0.303 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 2.07 (0.75, 4.07) | 2.31 (0.58, 5.81) | 2.23 (0.58, 5.81) | 0.025 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.0±17.9 | 141.3±22.9 | 139.6±21.5 | 0.142 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.4±9.9 | 76.0±12.5 | 77.1±11.8 | 0.058 |
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 31 (57.41%) | 58 (51.33%) | 89 (53.29%) | 0.461 |
| Yes | 23 (42.59%) | 55 (48.67%) | 78 (46.71%) | 0.461 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 32 (59.26%) | 75 (66.37%) | 107 (64.07%) | 0.370 |
| Yes | 22 (40.74%) | 38 (33.63%) | 60 (35.93%) | 0.370 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 27 (50.00%) | 49 (43.36%) | 76 (45.51%) | 0.420 |
| Yes | 27 (50.00%) | 64 (56.64%) | 91 (54.49%) | 0.420 |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||
| No | 45 (83.33%) | 79 (69.91%) | 124 (74.25%) | 0.064 |
| Yes | 9 (16.67%) | 34 (30.09%) | 43 (25.75%) | 0.064 |
Data are reported as means±SD, median (range), or number (percentage). T2DM: type-2 diabetes mellitus. Student's t-test was used for normally distributed data and Mann-Whitney test was used for non-normally distributed data. Categorical variables were compared between groups with the χ2 test.