. 2018 Jul 6;3(7):7388–7398. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01341

Table 3. Effect of Different Concentrations of Lignosulfonate (LSS) and Alkali Lignin (AL) on Color (L-Value, a-Value, and b-Value) and Opacity of Enzymatically Modified SPI Film^a^,^b^,^c^,^d.

film	opacity	L-value	a-value	b-value
SPI	0.90 ± 0.06^Aa	89.18 ± 0.10^Aa	0.84 ± 0.21^Aa	2.95 ± 0.84^A
LSS 2%	0.88 ± 0.04^B	87.88 ± 0.41^A	0.26 ± 0.12^B	7.06 ± 0.51^B
LSS 4%	0.93 ± 0.07^A	86.64 ± 0.19^A	–0.47 ± 0.06^C	12.19 ± 0.27^C
LSS 6%	1.22 ± 0.08^C	83.5 ± 0.25^A	–0.46 ± 0.07^C	20.09 ± 0.34^D
LSS 10%	1.05 ± 0.04^D	81.33 ± 0.40^A	–0.32 ± 0.12^C	24.85 ± 0.62^E
AL 2%	1.73 ± 0.21^b	76.67 ± 0.64^b	2.34 ± 0.24^b	24.39 ± 1.28^b
AL 4%	2.24 ± 0.22^c	67.93 ± 1.91^c	5.88 ± 1.00^c	32.48 ± 1.07^c
AL 6%	2.67 ± 0.1^d	54.62 ± 1.03^d	12.99 ± 0.47^d	36.76 ± 0.14^d
AL 10%	4.01 ± 0.19^e	42.96 ± 1.83^e	17.71 ± 0.40^e	29.57 ± 2.08^c

Results are mean ± SD in triplicate.

Abbreviations: AL: alkali lignin, LSS: lignosulfonate, BHT: butylated hydroxyltoluene, SPI: soy protein isolate.

Small letters show significant differences in different AL samples, and capital letters show significant differences in LS samples.

Lignin%: g/100 g.

Table 3. Effect of Different Concentrations of Lignosulfonate (LSS) and Alkali Lignin (AL) on Color (L-Value, a-Value, and b-Value) and Opacity of Enzymatically Modified SPI Filma,b,c,d.