Table 4. Effect of Different Concentrations of Lignosulfonate (LSS) and Alkali Lignin (AL) on Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Enzymatically Modified SPI Filma,d,e.
| film | TS (MPa)b | %E | WVP (10–13 g cm/(cm2 s Pa))c |
|---|---|---|---|
| control | 4.74 ± 0.34Aa | 126.33 ± 17.9Aa | 7.16 ± 0.83Aa |
| LSS 2% | 4.11 ± 0.33A | 146.17 ± 14.88A | 3.28 ± 0.24B |
| LSS 4% | 7.22 ± 0.41B | 63.99 ± 10.89B | 4.6 ± 0.42C |
| LSS 6% | 7.73 ± 0.13B | 86.93 ± 6.95B | 4.78 ± 0.14C |
| LSS 10% | 8.01 ± 0.89B | 79.95 ± 5.32B | 4.13 ± 0.07C |
| AL 2% | 7.07 ± 0.35b | 57.5 ± 11.8b | 4.33 ± 1.03b |
| AL 4% | 6.49 ± 0.41a | 51.61 ± 6.15b | 4.43 ± 0.4b |
| AL 6% | 10.13 ± 0.73c | 14.7 ± 3.7c | 3.52 ± 0.6b |
| AL 10% | 10.98 ± 1.02c | 7.45 ± 1.24c | 4.23 ± 0.3b |
a
Abbreviations: TS: tensile strength, %E: percent elongation, WVP: water vapor permeability.
b
Results are mean ± SD after five times replication.
c
Results are mean ± SD after three times replication.
d
Small letters show significant differences in different AL samples, and capital letters show significant differences in LSS samples.
e
Lignin%: g/100 g.