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Energy difference (eV) between saddled and ruffled conformations as a function of metal ion ionic radius. Ionic radii (Å): Cu 0.71, Ni 0.63, Pd 0.78, Pt 0.74, and Zn 0.74. The horizontal dotted lines represent the average value off Esadd – Eruff for Cu, Pt, Zn, and Pd, underscoring that only Ni deviates significantly from this value.
