Table 2. Catalytic Activity of the 3D GQDs/rGO4 in the Reduction of Various Nitroarenesa.
| entry | substrate | product | t (min) | k (×10–7 M–1 s–1) | conversion (%) | yield (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4-nitrophenol | 4-aminophenol | 10 | 4.47 | >99 | 92.93 |
| 2 | 4-nitrotoluene | 4-aminotoluene | 9 | 4.48 | >99 | 85.73 |
| 3 | 4-nitroanisole | p-anisidine | 12 | 3.38 | >99 | 84.22 |
| 4 | 4-nitrochlorobenzene | 4-chloroaniline | 18 | 1.95 | >99 | 51.67 |
| 5 | 2-nitroanline | 1,2-diaminobenzene | 15 | 1.74 | >99 | 66.68 |
| 6 | 1,3-dinitrobenzene | 1,3-diaminobenzene | 15 | 1.26 | >99 | 46.60 |
a
Reaction conditions: 0.048 mg of 3D GQDs/rGO4, 0.5 μmol substrate, molar ratio of nitroarene and NaBH4 is 1:53, RT. Conversions of nitroarenes and yields of amine were determined by HPLC using external standard method.