Table 2. XPS Survey Peak Values, High-Resolution C1s Spectra Peaks Values, and the Corresponding Binding Energies and Atomic Percentage.
C1s (At. %) | O1s (At. %) | C–C (At. %) | C=C (At. %) | C–H (At. %) | C–O (At. %) | C=O (At. %) | O–C=O (At. %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
284.4 eV | 531.2 eV | 283.85 eV | 284.4 eV | 285.2 ± 0.1 eV | 286.8 ± 0.2 eV | 287.8 ± 0.1 eV | 288.57 eV | |
GQD1 | 39.6 | 60.4 | 17.2 | 39 | 36.9 | 14.5 | ||
GQD2 | 44.1 | 55.9 | 16.7 | 27.4 | 21.9 | 19.4 | 11.7 | |
GQD3 | 54.4 | 45.6 | 62.5 | 23.2 | 12.6 | 15.2 | ||
GQD4 | 42.9 | 57.1 | 17.7 | 48.3 | 18.4 | 5.1 | 2.5 |