Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Visit 1 (2000–2002)
| Baseline characteristics | Total | Women | Men | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 3075 | 1368 (44.5) | 1707 (55.5) | |
| Age, years | 62.6 (9.6) | 64.2 (8.9) | 61.4 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1033 (33.6) | 453 (33.1) | 580 (34.0) | 0.68 |
| Chinese | 572 (18.6) | 254 (18.6) | 318 (18.6) | |
| Black | 666 (21.7) | 289 (21.1) | 377 (22.1) | |
| Hispanic | 804 (26.1) | 372 (27.2) | 432 (25.3) | |
| High school education and higher | 1914 (62.2) | 755 (55.2) | 1159 (67.9) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 1590 (51.7) | 856 (62.6) | 734 (43.0) | |
| Former | 1104 (35.9) | 360 (26.3) | 744 (43.6) | |
| Current | 381 (12.4) | 152 (11.1) | 229 (13.4) | |
| Moderate/vigorous physical activity total, MET-min/week | 3915 (1985, 7365) | 3435 (1740, 6307.5) | 4395 (2205, 8460) | <0.001 |
| Hormone therapy use | 455 (33.3) | 455 (33.3) | n/a | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.7 (5.0) | 28.0 (5.7) | 27.5 (4.3) | 0.019 |
| Impaired fasting glucose/diabetes status | 0.033 | |||
| Normal | 2261 (73.6) | 1041 (76.1) | 1220 (71.6) | |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 444 (14.5) | 174 (12.7) | 270 (15.9) | |
| Treated diabetes mellitus | 366 (11.9) | 153 (11.2) | 213 (12.5) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125.9 (19.8) | 126.9 (21.7) | 125.1 (18.1) | 0.012 |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 1016 (33.0) | 496 (36.3) | 520 (30.5) | <0.001 |
| Estimated GFR, 60 mL/min per 1.73 min2 | 77.3 (15.4) | 75.9 (15.4) | 78.4 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 194.4 (35.4) | 200.9 (34.7) | 189.2 (35.1) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 50.1 (14.5) | 56.5 (15.4) | 45.0 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication use | 510 (16.6) | 247 (18.1) | 263 (15.4) | 0.050 |
| Baseline arterial diameter, mm | 4.4 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.6) | 4.8 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Percent FMD, % | 4.2 (2.6) | 4.5 (2.8) | 3.9 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 9.0 (1.0, 14.9) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 14.2 (11.5, 17.7) | <0.001 |
| Bioavailable testosterone, nmol/L | 3.4 (0.2, 5.6) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 5.3 (4.3, 6.6) | <0.001 |
| Estradiol, nmol/L | 0.07 (0.05, 0.15) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) | <0.001 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone, nmol/L | 11.8 (8.3, 16.3) | 10.5 (7.0, 14.9) | 12.9 (9.4, 17.3) | <0.001 |
| Free testosterone, % | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.7) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex hormone binding globulin, nmol/L | 45.6 (33.5, 65.2) | 59.5 (39.9, 92.3) | 40.4 (30.9, 50.9) | <0.001 |
| Testosterone estrogen ratio | 74.1 (13.8, 136.4) | 12.2 (5.2, 22.1) | 128.1 (94.1, 171.3) | <0.001 |
Values in the Table are number (percent), mean (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range).
FMD, flow-mediated dilation; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.