Figure 3.

In situ X-ray total scattering measurements performed to investigate nucleation of titanate under hydrothermal conditions. (a) Two-dimensional (2D) data of time-dependent total scattering data (λ = 0.10790 Å). The scattering from the glass vial and air background was subtracted. The sample was kept at RT for 10 min and then heated up to 160 °C (VT). (b) Temperature and pressure measured during the X-ray experiments. (c) Selected profiles of the scattering data recorded at different times (RT: 0 min; 48 °C: 19 min; 86 °C: 39 min; 154 °C: 78 min; 160 °C: 100, 119, 159, 319, and 419 min; RT: 517 min from bottom to top). The solvent scattering data at the same temperature were subtracted. The hkl values, 200 and 020, are based on the structure model of the crystalline product analyzed at room temperature.