Table 2.
Myocardial Infarctions, Tobacco Use, Clinical, and Demographic Variables
| Variables (at Wave 1) | Myocardial Infarction at Wave 1 (All Respondents) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco Use | Yes (n=643) | No (n=31 531) | P Valuea |
| E‐cigarette user | Weighted percent | ||
| Never | 86.7 | 85.0 | 0.073 |
| Former | 10.2 | 12.6 | |
| Some day | 1.6 | 1.4 | |
| Every day | 1.5 | 1.0 | |
| Cigarette smoker | |||
| Never | 17.4 | 34.7 | <0.001 |
| Former | 58.8 | 46.6 | |
| Some day | 3.4 | 3.9 | |
| Every day | 20.4 | 14.8 | |
| Myocardial infarction at Wave 1 (excluding dual users) | |||
| E‐cigarette use only (n=18 294) | Yes | No | |
| Never | 96.0 | 93.4 | 0.017 |
| Former | 2.7 | 5.7 | |
| Some day | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Every day | 1.0 | 0.6 | |
| Cigarette smoker only (n=26 652) | |||
| Never | 18.5 | 36.4 | <0.001 |
| Former | 61.2 | 48.1 | |
| Some day | 2.5 | 3.2 | |
| Every day | 17.8 | 12.3 | |
| Tobacco Use |
First Myocardial Infarction Between Waves 1 and 2 (Excluding Respondents Who Had MI at Wave 1) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=117) | No (n=25 609) | P Valuea | |
| E‐cigarette user | |||
| Never | 86.5 | 84.9 | 0.645 |
| Former | 10.4 | 12.6 | |
| Some day+every dayb | 3.1 | 2.5 | |
| Cigarette smoker | |||
| Never | 7.8 | 34.0 | <0.001 |
| Former | 68.8 | 47.6 | |
| Some day | 5.5 | 3.8 | |
| Every day | 18.3 | 14.6 | |
| Tobacco Use |
First Myocardial Infarction Between Waves 2 and 3 (Excluding Respondents Who Had MI at Wave 1) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=89) | No (n=22 967) | P Valuea | |
| E‐cigarette user | |||
| Never | 89.1 | 84.9 | 0.410 |
| Former | 9.2 | 12.6 | |
| Some day+every dayb | 1.7 | 2.5 | |
| Cigarette smoker | |||
| Never | 20.3 | 34.6 | 0.107 |
| Former | 61.1 | 47.0 | |
| Some day | 2.1 | 3.8 | |
| Every day | 16.5 | 14.7 | |
| Demographics (at Wave 1) | |||
| Age in y, mean (±SD) | 66.5 (±13.17) | 46.1 (±17.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (±SD) kg/m2 | 29.7 (±10.2) | 28.0 (±7.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 71.1 | 47.5 | <0.001 |
| Women | 28.9 | 52.5 | |
| Poverty level/income | |||
| Below poverty | 24.8 | 25.2 | 0.885 |
| At or above poverty | 75.2 | 74.8 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 84.3 | 77.7 | <0.001 |
| Black | 10.5 | 12.4 | |
| Asian | 0.9 | 5.6 | |
| Other | 4.3 | 4.3 | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Less than high school | 11.7 | 4.3 | |
| High school or equivalent | 461 | 36.3 | |
| Some college and associate | 28.1 | 31.2 | |
| Bachelor and advanced degree | 14.1 | 28.2 | |
| Clinical status | |||
| High blood pressure | |||
| Yes | 72.5 | 26.8 | <0.001 |
| High cholesterol | |||
| Yes | 67.7 | 21.9 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| Yes | 39.6 | 13.4 | <0.001 |
a
Chi‐square for counts, t test for continuous variables.
b
Some‐day and every‐day e‐cigarette users combined because PATH does not allow reporting results for cell sizes <3, and there were only 2 everyday e‐cigarette users who had first myocardial infarctions between Waves 1 and 2 and only 3 every‐day e‐cigarette users who had first myocardial infarctions between Waves 2 and 3. Wave 1 data were collected from September 2013 to December 2014, Wave 2 from October 2014 to October 2015, and Wave 3 from October 2015 to October 2016.