Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients With HFrEF Versus Those With HFpEF
| Variable | Patients With HFrEF (n=158) | Patients With HFpEF (n=108) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median±IQR, y | 59.00±17.00 | 64.50±16.00 | 0.013 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 36 (22.8) | 53 (49.1) | <0.001 |
| Education level, n (%) | |||
| Low | 69 (43.7) | 56 (51.9) | 0.443 |
| Medium | 68 (43.0) | 40 (37.0) | |
| High | 21 (13.3) | 12 (11.1) | |
| Having a spouse, n (%) | 99 (62.7) | 77 (71.3) | 0.150 |
| CVD family history, n (%) | 70 (44.3) | 36 (33.3) | 0.076 |
| Surgical history, n (%) | 68 (43.0) | 66 (61.1) | 0.004 |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | |||
| I | 2 (1.3) | 4 (3.7) | 0.208 |
| II | 41 (25.9) | 37 (34.3) | |
| III | 57 (36.1) | 30 (27.8) | |
| IV | 58 (36.7) | 37 (34.3) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 (39.2) | 48 (44.4) | 0.447 |
| Hypertension | 84 (53.2) | 74 (68.5) | 0.016 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 26 (16.5) | 20 (18.5) | 0.742 |
| Coronary artery disease | 86 (54.4) | 55 (50.9) | 0.618 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 50 (31.6) | 43 (39.8) | 0.191 |
| Stroke | 15 (9.5) | 5 (4.6) | 0.162 |
| Kidney disease | 34 (21.5) | 35 (32.4) | 0.047 |
| Respiratory tract disease | 8 (5.1) | 15 (13.9) | 0.015 |
| Tumors | 5 (3.2) | 8 (7.4) | 0.149 |
| Discharge medication, n (%) | |||
| Diuretics | 125 (79.1) | 65 (60.2) | 0.001 |
| β Blockers | 79 (50.0) | 45 (41.7) | 0.211 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors | 41 (25.9) | 16 (14.8) | 0.033 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 74 (46.8) | 34 (31.5) | 0.016 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 25 (15.8) | 32 (29.6) | 0.009 |
| Digoxin | 36 (22.8) | 10 (9.3) | 0.005 |
| Laboratory test, median±IQR | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.24±5.97 | 25.98±8.34 | 0.526 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 92±24 | 77±23.5 | <0.001 |
| QRS duration, ms | 100±30 | 94±20 | 0.022 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 129±37 | 140±46 | 0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 84±21.5 | 78±26 | 0.039 |
| PP, mm Hg | 46±20.5 | 62±36 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5±3.6 | 12±4.5 | 0.005 |
| Unhealthy behavior, n (%) | |||
| Smoking | 84 (53.2) | 34 (31.5) | 0.001 |
| Drinking alcohol | 38 (24.1) | 10 (9.3) | 0.003 |
| Lack of exercise | 47 (29.7) | 35 (32.4) | 0.686 |
BMI indicates body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IQR, interquartile range; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and the median test was used for continuous variables because of nonnormal distribution.