Table 5.
Multiple Logistic Regression of State‐Anxiety, Trait‐Anxiety, and Depression for 18‐Month Outcomes in Patients With HFrEF Versus Those With HFpEF
| Variable | Patients With HFrEF | Patients With HFpEF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| All‐cause mortality | ||||||
| State‐Anxiety model | ||||||
| State‐Anxiety | 1.043 | 0.969–1.123 | 0.264 | 1.502 | 0.966–2.337 | 0.071 |
| Depression | 0.965 | 0.865–1.077 | 0.528 | 0.604 | 0.252–1.450 | 0.259 |
| H & L test | χ2=9.858; P=0.275 | χ2=0.999; P=0.999 | ||||
| Trait‐Anxiety model | ||||||
| Trait‐Anxiety | 1.007 | 0.932–1.089 | 0.853 | 1.429 | 1.020–2.000 | 0.038 |
| Depression | 0.995 | 0.892–1.109 | 0.926 | 0.629 | 0.345–1.147 | 0.130 |
| H & L test | χ2=12.505; P=0.130 | χ2=3.477; P=0.903 | ||||
| All‐cause readmission or death | ||||||
| State‐Anxiety model | ||||||
| State‐Anxiety | 1.029 | 0.976–1.085 | 0.289 | 1.075 | 1.005–1.150 | 0.036 |
| Depression | 0.999 | 0.930–1.074 | 0.984 | 0.956 | 0.847–1.079 | 0.470 |
| H & L test | χ2=85.130; P=0.744 | χ2=7.971; P=0.436 | ||||
| Trait‐Anxiety model | ||||||
| Trait‐Anxiety | 1.019 | 0.962–1.080 | 0.518 | 1.147 | 1.036–1.271 | 0.008 |
| Depression | 1.001 | 0.926–1.083 | 0.972 | 0.893 | 0.775–1.029 | 0.118 |
| H & L test | χ2=6.731; P=0.566 | χ2=8.350; P=0.400 | ||||
| Cardiac readmission or death | ||||||
| State‐Anxiety model | ||||||
| State‐Anxiety | 1.024 | 0.970–1.081 | 0.390 | 1.062 | 0.994–1.135 | 0.073 |
| Depression | 1.009 | 0.938–1.086 | 0.805 | 0.937 | 0.820–1.070 | 0.337 |
| H & L test | χ2=5.263; P=0.729 | χ2=8.890; P=0.352 | ||||
| Trait‐Anxiety model | ||||||
| Trait‐Anxiety | 1.029 | 0.969–1.093 | 0.357 | 1.133 | 1.031–1.245 | 0.010 |
| Depression | 1.002 | 0.925–1.086 | 0.961 | 0.865 | 0.733–1.020 | 0.084 |
| H & L test | χ2=8.561; P=0.381 | χ2=9.122; P=0.332 | ||||
Adjusted for sex, age, education level, marital status, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class, Beck Depression Inventory‐II score, surgical history, smoking, drinking alcohol, lack of exercise, family history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, respiratory disease, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease, and use of diuretics, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, β blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin. The interaction effect of the Trait‐Anxiety×group was significant in all‐cause mortality (P=0.048) and all‐cause readmission or death (P=0.048), as well as borderline significant in cardiac readmission or death (P=0.092). The interaction effect of the State‐Anxiety×group was not significant in all‐cause mortality (P=0.110), all‐cause readmission or death (P=0.318), and cardiac readmission or death (P=0.397). We were unable to conduct the multiple logistic regression analysis of cardiac mortality because the relative competing risks were not considered. Data are given for each 1‐unit increase in continuous variables about State‐Anxiety, Trait‐Anxiety, and Depression. HFpEF indicates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; H & L, Hosmer and Lemeshow; OR, odds ratio.