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. 2019 Jun 11;8(12):e012219. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012219

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© 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Mechanisms underlying the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by cholesterol crystals. The causative role for cholesterol in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis is undeniable, yet the precise mechanism by which cholesterol elicits the inflammatory response and dictates atherogenesis remained mysterious. The newly identified mechanisms whereby cholesterol crystals license the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are summarized. GSDMD‐N indicates the amino terminus of GSDMD; IL‐18, interleukin‐18; IL1β, interleukin‐1β; Nrf2, nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2.