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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Med Inform. 2019 Apr 13;127:27–34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.04.009

Table 2.

Types of evidence identified by NLP from each clinical note.

Group Evidence type Type of information Percentage (%)*
A Sign or symptom Outcome 100.0
B Tdap Cause 65.6
C Vaccine or vaccination Cause 64.0
D Injection site or injection without non-Tdap terms Spatial (location) and cause 60.0
E Local reaction (explicitly stated) Spatial (location) and cause 10.4
F Vaccine site Spatial (location) and cause 8.8
G Tdap site such as “Tdap location” Spatial (location) and cause 35.2
H Sign or symptom occurred with the vaccine site Spatial (location) and outcome 89.6
I Vaccine reaction Cause and outcome 31.2
J Sign or symptom was caused by something other than Tdap Cause 0
*

Percentages in NLP positive cases among the validation data.