Table 3.
Episodes of respiratory infections, facility care or hospitalization for respiratory illness among 931 infants by their mothers’ sociodemographic characteristics at enrollment
| Respiratory |
Respiratory Health facility
care |
Respiratory
Hospitalization |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Time at Risk | IR (95%CI)* | IRR (95%CI)* | N | Time at Risk | IR (95%CI)* | IRR (95%CI)* | N | Time at Risk | IR (95%CI)* | IRR (95%CI)* | |
| Number | 989 | 18701 | 2.1 (1.9, 2.4) | - | 860 | 18843 | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | - | 59 | 19766 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | - |
| Age in years † | 961 | 18280 | 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 835 | 18420 | 15 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 53 | 19322 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||
| Primary or less | 709 | 12675 | 1.9 (1.6, 2.1) | - | 623 | 12764 | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | - | 55 | 13418 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | |
| Secondary or Higher | 273 | 5888 | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.08) | 230 | 5941 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 0.78 (0.61, 1.00) | 4 | 6202 | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.09 (0.01, 0.65) |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Never married/separated/divorced | 98 | 2432 | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 0.80 (0.58, 1.11) | 86 | 2449 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.79 (0.56, 1.12) | 3 | 2556 | 0.0 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.29 (0.04, 2.15) |
| Married/live-in boyfriend | 886 | 16129 | 1.6 (1.4, 2.0) | - | 769 | 16254 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | - | 56 | 17064 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | - |
| Socio-economic status quintile | ||||||||||||
| Fifth and Fourth | 309 | 7348 | 1.8 (1.6, 2.1) | - | 270 | 7394 | 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) | - | 7 | 7725 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.1) | - |
| Third | 184 | 3686 | 2.1 (1.7, 2.6) | 1.37 (1.04, 1.81) | 211 | 3714 | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | 1.38 (1.04, 1.84) | 5 | 3942 | 0.0 (0.0, 0.2) | 1.21 (0.16, 8.99) |
| Second and First | 326 | 7362 | 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.51) | 366 | 7430 | 1.5 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) | 47 | 7777 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 5.56 (1.19, 26.00) |
| Parity | ||||||||||||
| Primipara | 243 | 4503 | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 223 | 4530 | 1.6 (1.3, 2.0) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | 13 | 4761 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.91 (0.33, 2.54) |
| Multipara | 741 | 14102 | 1.8 (1.5, 2.0) | - | 632 | 14217 | 1.6 (1.3, 1.8) | - | 46 | 14903 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | - |
| Previous child death | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 241 | 3882 | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.18 (0.90, 1.54) | 212 | 3913 | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.60) | 22 | 4122 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 2.72 (1.08, 6.89) |
| No | 743 | 14723 | 1.8 (1.6, 2.2) | - | 643 | 14834 | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) | - | 37 | 15542 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | - |
| Wanted child at conception | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 506 | 8211 | 1.9 (1.6, 2.2) | - | 448 | 8274 | 1.6 (1.4, 2.0) | - | 32 | 8744 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | - |
| No later | 358 | 8474 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 0.74 (0.59, 0.93) | 310 | 8530 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 0.72 (0.57, 0.91) | 18 | 8873 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.64 (0.23, 1.76) |
| No more children | 120 | 1898 | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 1.18 (0.81, 1.70) | 97 | 1921 | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) | 1.09 (0.73, 1.64) | 9 | 2025 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | 2.06 (0.60, 7.07) |
| Number of ANC visits: median (IQR) | ||||||||||||
| <4 | 456 | 8902 | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.14) | 401 | 8966 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.16) | 35 | 9384 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 1.62 (0.63, 4.13) |
| ≥4 | 528 | 9703 | 1.8 (1.5, 2.0) | - | 454 | 9781 | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | - | 24 | 10280 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | - |
IR = Incidence rate; IRR = incidence rate ratio; 95%CI = 95% Confidence interval;
*
For all 95% CIs, generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering at the clinic level. IR and IRR were estimated using piecewise Poisson models with intervals between study visits as a categorical time variable.
†
Incidence rate for median age (27 years old).