Table 2. Intraoperative characteristics.
| Variables | Male ( n = 781) | Female ( n = 373) | p -Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operation time | 373.6 (134.8) 344.0 (36.0; 1059.0) n = 627 | 344.8 (133.3) 310.0 (15.0; 1100.0) n = 295 | 0.0001 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time | 211.6 (79.0) 197.0 (0.0; 715.0) n = 714 | 197.7 (77.4) 178.5 (22.0; 500.0) n = 344 | < 0.0001 |
| Cardiac arrest time | 30.9 (18.8) 27.0 (0.0; 185.0) n = 602 | 28.1 (16.5) 26.0 (0.0; 195.0) n = 300 | 0.026 |
| Temperature at cardiac arrest | 21.0 (4.9) 19.0 (11.0; 36.4) n = 694 | 20.8 (4.6) 19.5 (13.0; 35.8) n = 340 | 0.76 |
| Cross-clamp time | 109.2 (57.6) 96.0 (0.0; 363.0) n = 697 | 98.8 (53.9) 86.0 (1.0; 364.0) n = 331 | 0.0012 |
| Biologic aortic valve | 55 (7.1%) | 14 (3.8%) | 0.033 |
| Proximal repair: | |||
| AV resuspension + ascending graft | 291 (37.3%) | 164 (44.2%) | |
| AVR + ascending graft | 25 (3.2%) | 9 (2.4%) | |
| Ascending graft only | 220 (28.2%) | 124 (33.4%) | |
| Attempted | 7 (0.9%) | 4 (1.1%) | |
| Biological composite | 43 (5.5%) | 22 (5.9%) | |
| Mechanical composite | 164 (21.0%) | 38 (10.2%) | |
| Valve sparing root | 24 (3.1%) | 8 (2.2%) | |
| Ascending graft only prior AVR | 6 (0.8%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.0013 |
| Distal repair: | |||
| Ascending aorta | 543 (70.3%) | 269 (73.1%) | |
| Attempted | 5 (0.6%) | 5 (1.4%) | |
| Hemiarch | 171 (22.2%) | 77 (20.9%) | |
| Total arch | 51 (6.6%) | 15 (4.1%) | |
| Other | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.27 |
| Perioperative MI | 45 (5.9%) | 26 (7.1%) | 0.52 |
| Intraoperative death | 52 (6.7%) | 34 (9.1%) | 0.17 |
Abbreviations: AV, aortic valve; AVR, aortic valve replacement; MI, myocardial infarction; SD, standard deviation.
Note: Data are presented as n (%) or mean (SD) / median (min; max).