Appendix 1.
Cluster Analysis Studies on MCI
| Reference | Sample/Source | NP Tests | MCI definition | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delano-Wood, Bondi, Sacco et al. JESTS, 2009.15:906–914. | 70 older adults/Geriatric Neurology Clinic | CERAD battery; Trail Making Test, Parts A & B, Stroop Color-Word Test | ≥ 1.2 SD below the mean on one more tests after applying norms adjusted for age, education, and gender | 3 clusters: Executive/Processing Speed, Memory/Language, Pure Memory |
| Libon, Xie, Eppig, et al. JINS, 2010.16:84–93. | 108 outpatients describing a decline in cognitive functioning/Geriatric Neurology Clinic | WMS Mental Control subtest (Boston Revision), Letter fluency, Boston Naming Test, Animal Fluency, Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test Delay Free Recall/Recognition | ≥ 1.5 SD below the mean on any of the 6 neuropsychological tests | 3 clusters: Amnesic MCI, Dysexecutive MCI, Mixed MCI |
| Damian, Hausner, Jekel, et al. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2013.36:1–19. | 881 subjects with objective or subjective cognitive impairment. DESCRIPA study; 20 European memory clinics | AVLT, CERAD Word List, Animal fluency, Trail Making Test, Parts A & B, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, CERAD Figure Copy. Note: NP tests administered varied among centers | z-scores> ≥−1.5 or≥ −1.0 were used to define impaired test performance. Diagnoses were made on the basis of a clinical consensus. | 4 clusters: Subjective cognitive impairment, Inattentive/dysexecutive aMCI, Dysexecutive aMCI, aMCI, single domain |
| Clark, Delano-Wood, Libon, et al. JINS, 2013. 19:635–645. | 197 non-demented older adults/Longitudinal study of aging at the UCSD/VA San Diego/UCSD ADRC | CVLT, WMS-R Logical Memory, Trail Making Test Parts A & B, D-KEFS CWIT-Inhibition/Switching, WCST (48-Card Version), Boston Namin Test, Letter Fluency, Animal Fluency, WISC-R Block Design, WMS-R Visual Reproduction I/II, DRS Construction, Clock Drawing, WAIS-R Digit Span Forward, D-KEFS Visual Scanning, DRS Attention | 134 diagnosed with MCI based on conventional criteria: ≥ 1.5 SD below the mean on at least one measure in the NP battery 80 were diagnosed with MCI based on comprehensive criteria: ≥ 1 SD below the mean on at least 2 measures within a cognitive domain | Conventional MCI criteria (3 clusters): Amnestic/language, Mixed, Cluster derived Normal Comprehensive MCI criteria (4 clusters): Amnestic, Mixed, Dysexecutive, Visuospatial |
| Bondi, Edmonds, Jak, et al. J Alz Dis, 2014. 42:275–289. | 846 with MCI based on ADM criteria 401 MCI defined with Jak/Bondi criteria/ADNI participants | AVLT, Animal Fluency, Boston Naming Test (30-items), Trail Making Test Parts A & B | Reclassified using Jak/Bondi actuarial neuropsychological test methods: 1) > 1 SD below the age-corrected mean on both measures within at least one cognitive domain; 2) > 1 SD below the mean on one test in each of the three cognitive domains; 3) FAQ = 9 | ADNI criteria (3 clusters): Amnestic, Dysexecutive/Mixed MCI, Cluster-Derived Normal Jak/Bondi Criteria (3 clusters): Amnestic, Language, Dysexecutive/Mixed |
| Edmonds, Delano-Wood, Clark, et al. Alz & Dem, 2015. 11:415–424 | 825 MCI/ADNI participants | AVLT, Animal Fluency, Boston Naming Test (30-items), Trail Making Test Parts A & B | 1) Subjective memory complaint reported by participant or study partner; 2) MMSE 24–30 (inclusive); 3) global CDR = 0.5; 4) Scoring below education-adjusted cutoffs on WMS-R Logical Memory II; 5) General cognition/functional performance not qualifying for dx of AD | 4 clusters: Amnestic, Dysnomic, Dysexecutive, Cluster-Derived Normal |