Spychala et al 2018 4
|
Mice |
• Young microbiota improved stroke recovery when transplanted into aged mice |
Singh et al 2016 6
|
Mice |
• Stroke induces gut paralysis, barrier disruption, and dysbiosis |
|
|
• Presence of a dysbiotic microbiota at time of stroke led to larger infarct and impaired recovery |
|
|
• T cells, Th cells, and monocytes migrate from Peyer’s patches to peri-infarct brain region following stroke |
Benakis et al 2016 7
|
Mice |
• Microbiota contributes to activation of IL-17 producing xδ T-cells after stroke |
|
|
• Following stroke γδ T-cells migrate from gut to the brain meninges |
Yamashiro et al 2017 12
|
Human |
• Stroke altered gut microbiota and decreased fecal acetic acid concentrations |
Yin et al 2015 13
|
Human |
• Stroke and transient ischemic attack altered the gut microbiota, including increased abundance of pathogens and decreased beneficial commensals |
Stanley et al 2018 14
|
Mice |
• Stroke altered the mucosa associated microbiota along the length of the intestine |
Stanley et al 2016 15
|
Human & Mice |
• Bacteria originating from the small intestine contribute to post-stroke infection |
Houlden et al 2016 16
|
Mice |
• Stroke induces cecal dysbiosis, reduced mucus production, and loss of goblet cells |
|
|
• Increased sympathetic activity in gut wall following stroke |
Crapser et al 2016 17
|
Mice |
• Stroke increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation in young and aged mice |
Winek et al 2016 18
|
Mice |
• Antibiotic treatment prior to stroke did not affect infarct volume |
|
|
• Stopping antibiotics three days prior to stroke significantly decreased survival |
Singh et al 2018 19
|
Mice |
• GF mice have larger infarct compared to recolonized or specific pathogen free mice |
|
|
• Gut bacterial load is important in stroke outcome |