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. 2019 Jul 22;9:10542. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46896-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The data distribution and inter-dataset heterogeneity. (a,b) Funnel plots indicating bias and heterogeneity for collagen estimates in IVD (a) and articular cartilage (b). Blue lines: fixed effect model estimates, red lines: random effects model estimates; black lines: expected 95% confidence interval in the absence of bias/heterogeneity. (c,d) Histograms and normal probability plots for distribution of collagen estimates in IVD (c) and articular cartilage (d). (e,f) Single study (left) and cumulative (right) exclusion analysis for collagen estimates in IVD (e) and articular cartilage (f).