Fig. 5.

TGF-β signaling affects maximum size. Applying TGF-β receptor inhibitors with different specificities led to alteration in maximum size. While K02288 reduced size (a), LDN-193189 increased size (b) in a concentration dependent manner. Boxplots show median (horizontal line), upper and lower quantile (box), lower and upper 1.5 times interquartile range (whiskers), and outliers (points). n = 36 samples (DMSO), 12 samples (K02288, 0.5 µM, 1 µM, 2 µM), 28 samples (HM), 12 samples (LDN-193189 0.33 µM), 8 samples (LDN-193189 1 µM), 16 samples (LDN-193189 3 µM). c Large-sized INSR-KD animals were reduced in maximum size by K02288. ctrl = INSR-KD ctrl + DMSO (n = 13 samples), DMSO = INSR-KD ecto/endo + DMSO (n = 20 samples), 1 µM = INSR-KD ecto/endo + 1 µM K02288 (n = 15 samples). d, e Small-sized FoxO-KD (ecto and ecto/endo) animals increased in maximum size by LDN-193189. ctrl = FoxO-KD ctrl + HM (n = 15), HM = FoxO-KD [ecto|ecto/endo] + HM (n = 10 samples/9 samples), 3 µM = FoxO-KD [ecto|ecto/endo] + 3 µM LDN-193189 (n = 12 samples/8 samples). Scale bar: 5 mm. n ≥ 8, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, U-test + FDR-correction