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. 2019 Jul 22;9:10602. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46968-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Presence of the microbiome is crucial for IL-1β release during POI. Wt mice received repetitive gavages of oral antibiotics (AB) or water (Veh) for 7 days and were subjected to IM. (A) mRNA expression of the indicated genes was analysed in the ME. (n = 5 per group). (B) IL-1β production was measured by ELISA in ME organ culture supernatants. (C) Myeloperoxidase MPO⁺ cell counts in the ME. (D) In vivo gastrointestinal motility. Statistical analyses: student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni test (n = 5 per group). CTL = untreated animals, GC = geometric centre, st = stomach, c = cecum, col = colon.