Table 1.
Changes in sperm motility parameters following exposure to either BPA or BPA with antioxidants compared to the control.
| Parameters | Control | BPA | BPA + GSH | BPA + Vit C | BPA + Vit E | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOT (%) | 81.54 ± 0.88a | 51.39 ± 1.91b | 64.51 ± 1.64c | 66.55 ± 2.22c | 67.40 ± 3.11c | <0.001 |
| HYP (%) | 9.66 ± 0.87 | 8.35 ± 0.37 | 11.31 ± 1.07 | 8.55 ± 1.23 | 8.93 ± 1.36 | Ns |
| VCL (µm/s) | 113.90 ± 3.61a,b | 113.38 ± 3.22a,b | 122.81 ± 3.30b | 102.93 ± 2.20a | 115.23 ± 3.69b | 0.005 |
| VSL (µm/s) | 42.82 ± 1.10a | 39.45 ± 2.00a,b | 43.64 ± 0.98a | 37.09 ± 1.24b | 41.32 ± 1.2a,b | 0.023 |
| VAP (µm/s) | 54.89 ± 2.27a | 51.22 ± 1.34a,b | 55.44 ± 1.29a | 46.76 ± 1.40b | 53.91 ± 1.05a | 0.003 |
| LIN (%) | 38.09 ± 1.54 | 36.57 ± 1.25 | 35.93 ± 0.37 | 37.91 ± 1.19 | 35.88 ± 0.33 | Ns |
| BCF | 13.57 ± 0.54 | 12.91 ± 0.37 | 12.38 ± 0.23 | 13.57 ± 0.31 | 13.18 ± 0.24 | Ns |
| WOB | 48.36 ± 0.88 | 46.08 ± 0.39 | 45.55 ± 0.69 | 47.73 ± 0.75 | 46.89 ± 0.85 | Ns |
| DNC | 578.37 ± 15.15a | 444.78 ± 13.48b | 640.2 ± 11.12a | 421.41 ± 9.86b | 585.74 ± 8.2a | 0.009 |
| DNM (µm) | 13.37 ± 1.23 | 13.24 ± 0.59 | 14.63 ± 0.48 | 11.35 ± 0.51 | 13.13 ± 0.42 | Ns |
| ALH (µm) | 4.96 ± 0.32 | 4.78 ± 0.14 | 5.24 ± 0.13 | 4.29 ± 0.12 | 5.07 ± 0.13 | Ns |
All data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s test was used to identify differences between groups. MOT = motility, HYP = hyperactivated motility, VCL = curvilinear velocity, VSL = straight-line velocity, VAP = average path velocity, LIN = linearity, BCF = beat cross frequency; WOB = wobble, DNC = dance, DNM = dance mean, ALH = mean amplitude of head lateral displacement, Ns = not significant, GSH = gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, Vit C = vitamin C, Vit E = vitamin E. Data are the means ± SEM of six experimental replicates (three mice per replicate). Values with different superscript characters (a,b,c) indicate significant differences between the control and treatment groups as determined by one-way analysis of variance. Tukey’s test was used to identify differences between groups. The concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (Vit C), and vitamin E (Vit E) were 100 µM, 5 mM, 100 µM, and 2 mM, respectively.