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. 2019 Jul 22;9:10603. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47112-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PV upregulation alters the expression of mRNA or proteins implicated in mitochondria functions and biogenesis. mRNA expression levels of COX1 (A,C) and protein expression levels of COX I (B,D) are shown, as well as mRNA expression levels of COX4/1 (E,G), PPARGC1A (F,H), NRF1 (I,K) Tfam (J,L). The signal for Hprt or GAPDH was used for the normalization of mRNA or protein expression, respectively. Representative image of gels are shown above each graph. (n.s. = not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).