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. 2019 Jul 22;9:10585. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47036-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Synchronized dynamics of the STN-GPe neuronal populations (1)–(4) and its suppression by continuous HF DBS. (A) Time courses of the order parameter R of STN neurons without stimulation ( $I_{stim} = 0$ in equation (1), upper black curve) and stimulated by cDBS for different widths of the interphase gap as indicated in the legend. The stimulation starts at $t = 20 s$ as indicated by the vertical dashed line with parameter of the stimulation intensity $K = 2$ . (B–E) Examples of raster spike plots of STN neurons (blue dots) for (B) $K = 0$ (no stimulation) and (C–E) $K = 2$ and interphase gap (C) $G W = 0 ms$ , and (D) 2 ms, and (E) 5 ms. Black and red curves depict raw and filtered LFP, respectively, scaled by the factor 1000.