Table 4.

Signaling pathways that effect proteasome transcription.

Pathway		Trigger		Enhanced expression	Section	References
IFN-γ	-JAK-STAT	Immune response		Immunoproteasome subunits# PA28αβ# MHC class I# NOX1 and NOX4 (→ oxidative stress)	Various genes	Barton et al., 2002; Kuwano et al., 2006; Moriwaki et al., 2006; Manea et al., 2009; Zhou, 2009; Seifert et al., 2010; Grimm et al., 2012; Johnston-Carey et al., 2016; Moritz et al., 2017
	-AKT-mTOR			Various genes
	*			E3 ligases and E2 ligase UBE2L6
NRF2		Oxidative stress		20S proteasome subunits PA28αβ	3.2	Kwak et al., 2003a,b; Kapeta et al., 2010; Pickering et al., 2012
NF-κB				Immunoproteasome subunits PA28γ	3.1	Storz and Toker, 2003; Moschonas et al., 2008; Johnston-Carey et al., 2016
NRF1		Proteasome inhibition		26S proteasome subunits PA200	3.3	Meiners et al., 2003; Radhakrishnan et al., 2010; Steffen et al., 2010; Tsuchiya et al., 2013; Sha and Alfred Goldberg, 2014; Sha and Goldberg, 2016; Welk et al., 2016; Vangala and Radhakrishnan, 2019

Important signaling pathways that effect the expression of several genes encoding proteasome subunits, or proteins involved in processes of the proteasome, under different conditions (trigger).

^*unknown;

^#also oxidative stress, IFN-γ not required.