Table 2.

Comparison of executive function in the virtual reality (VR) training group and the combined physical and cognitive training group.

	VR group (n = 18)			CPC group (n = 16)			Between-group difference, p
	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Within-group difference, p	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Within-group difference, p	Baseline	Time × Group Interaction
Trail Making Test (TMT)
TMT-A (s)	75.77 ± 34.95	66.00 ± 22.38	0.088	71.50 ± 27.30	64.31 ± 23.43	0.099	0.935	0.710
TMT-B (s)	179.22 ± 58.06	134.21 ± 48.23	<0.001*	154.50 ± 63.50	136.37 ± 48.58	0.098	0.792	0.032*
Delta TMT (s)	103.44 ± 51.60	68.61 ± 45.22	<0.001*	83.00 ± 45.72	72.06 ± 39.70	0.334	0.233	0.065
Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT)
SWCT-numbers (n)	15.05 ± 6.59	19.44 ± 9.05	0.003*	16.87 ± 7.72	20.21 ± 8.53	0.029*	0.932	0.835
SWCT- time (s)	126.83 ± 41.03	100.66 ± 33.93	<0.001*	119.87 ± 54.35	100.18 ± 41.89	0.002*	0.648	0.315

TMT-A, Trail Making Test, part A; TMT-B, Trail Making Test, part B; Delta TMT, TMT-B minus TMT-A; SCWT, Stroop Color and Word Test; SCWT-number, The number of correct answers in 45 s; SCWT-time, time to name 45 characters. The data are presented as the means ± SDs or numbers. *Significance level <0.05.