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. 2019 Jul 16;10:1638. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01638

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Copyright © 2019 Hid Cadena, Reitsema, Huitema, van Sleen, van der Geest, Heeringa, Boots, Abdulahad and Brouwer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Frequencies of immune checkpoint molecule expressing circulating CD4+ Th cells in GCA patients and HCs. Frequencies of CD28+ (plotted on left y-axis) and CTLA-4+ (plotted on right y-axis) peripheral CD4+ T cells were comparable between GCA patients (n = 30) and HCs (n = 18). Proportions of PD-1+ and VISTA+ (plotted on right y-axis) peripheral CD4+ T cells were decreased in patients compared with HCs. The red horizontal lines represent the median. Significant differences by the Mann-Whitney U-test are indicated: ^**P < 0.01, ns, non-significant.