Table 1. Frequency and analysis results of qualitative parameters.
| Variables | n | Experienced DV in total | Mental violence | Physical violence | Sexual violence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | %95CI | n (%) | %95CI | n (%) | %95CI | n (%) | %95CI | |||
| Overall | 400 | 218 (54.5) | 49.5 – 59.5 | 208 (52.0) | 47.0 – 57.0 | 73 (18.2) | 14.6 – 22.4 | 56 (14.0) | 10.8 – 17.8 | |
| Marital status | Together | 369 | 192** (52.0) | 46.8 – 57.2 | 182** (49.3) | 44.1 – 54.6 | 59** (16.0) | 12.4 – 20.1 | 50 (13.6) | 10.2 – 17.4 |
| Separated | 31 | 26 (83.9) | 66.3 – 94.5 | 26 (83.9) | 66.3 – 94.5 | 14 (45.2) | 27.3 – 64.0 | 6 (19.4) | 7.6 – 37.5 | |
| Wife’s age | <30 | 108 | 52 (48.1) | 38.4 – 58.0 | 51 (47.2) | 37.6 – 57.0 | 11** (10.2) | 5.2 – 17.5 | 9* (8.3) | 3.9 – 15.2 |
| 30 – 49 | 227 | 127 (55.9) | 49.2 – 62.5 | 119 (52.4) | 45.7 – 59.0 | 43 (18.9) | 14.1 – 24.7 | 40 (17.6) | 12.9 – 23.2 | |
| > 50 | 65 | 39 (60.0) | 47.1 – 72.0 | 38 (58.5) | 45.6 – 70.6 | 19 (29.2) | 18.6 – 41.8 | 7 (10.8) | 4.4 – 20.9 | |
| Spouse’s age | < 30 | 46 | 18* (39.1) | 25.1 – 54.6 | 17* (37.0) | 23.2 – 52.4 | 4* (8.7) | 2.4 – 20.8 | 6 (13.0) | 4.9 – 26.3 |
| 30 – 49 | 252 | 141 (56.0) | 50.0 – 62.1 | 134 (53.2) | 46.8 – 59.5 | 46 (18.3) | 13.7 – 23.6 | 37 (14.7) | 10.6 – 19.7 | |
| > 50 | 99 | 57 (57.6) | 47.2 – 67.5 | 55 (55.6) | 45.2 – 65.5 | 23 (23.2) | 15.3 – 32.8 | 13 (13.1) | 7.2 – 21.4 | |
| Marital years | <10 | 200 | 104 (52.0) | 44.8 – 59.1 | 101 (50.5) | 43.4 – 57.6 | 29* (14.5) | 9.9 – 20.2 | 26 (13.0) | 8.7 – 18.4 |
| 10–19 | 95 | 56 (58.9) | 48.4 – 68.9 | 50 (52.6) | 42.1 – 63.0 | 20 (21.1) | 13.4 – 30.6 | 18 (18.9) | 11.6 – 28.3 | |
| > 20 | 105 | 58 (55.2) | 45.2 – 65.0 | 57 (54.3) | 44.3 – 64.0 | 24 (22.9) | 15.2 – 32.1 | 12 (11.4) | 6.0 – 19.1 | |
| Number of children | 0 | 87 | 37* (42.5) | 32.0 – 53.6 | 37* (42.5) | 32.0 – 53.6 | 9** (10.3) | 4.8 – 18.7 | 8* (9.2) | 4.1 – 17.3 |
| 1 child | 117 | 67 (57.3) | 47.8 – 66.4 | 63 (53.8) | 44.4 – 63.1 | 20 (17.1) | 10.8 – 25.2 | 15 (12.8) | 7.4 – 20.3 | |
| 2 children | 126 | 70 (55.6) | 46.4 – 64.4 | 68 (54.0) | 44.9 – 62.9 | 24 (19.0) | 12.6 – 27.0 | 17 (13.5) | 8.1 – 20.7 | |
| > 3 | 70 | 44 (62.9) | 50.5 – 74.1 | 40 (57.1) | 44.7 – 68.9 | 20 (28.6) | 18.4 – 40.6 | 16 (22.9) | 13.7 – 34.4 | |
| Wife’s education | Diploma and lower | 202 | 112 (55.4) | 48.3 – 62.4 | 103 (51.0) | 43.9 – 58.1 | 38* (18.8) | 13.7 – 24.9 | 29 (14.4) | 9.8 – 20.0 |
| Associate/ Bachelors | 140 | 79 (56.4) | 47.8 – 64.8 | 78 (55.7) | 47.1 – 64.1 | 29 (20.7) | 14.3 – 28.4 | 21 (15.0) | 9.5 – 22.0 | |
| Masters or higher | 58 | 27 (46.6) | 33.3 – 60.1 | 27 (46.6) | 33.3 – 60.1 | 6 (10.3) | 3.9 – 21.2 | 6 (10.3) | 3.9 – 21.2 | |
| House ownership | Owning | 216 | 100**(46.3) | 39.5 – 53.2 | 94** (43.5) | 36.8 – 50.4 | 38 (17.6) | 12.8 – 23.3 | 22** (10.2) | 6.5 – 15.0 |
| Not owning | 184 | 118 (64.1) | 56.7 – 71.1 | 114 (62.0) | 54.5 – 69.0 | 35 (19.0) | 13.6 – 25.4 | 34 (18.5) | 13.1 – 24.9 | |
| Spouse’s education | Diploma and lower | 194 | 110 (56.7) | 49.4 – 63.8 | 104 (53.6) | 46.3 – 60.8 | 36 (18.6) | 13.3 – 24.8 | 28 (14.4) | 9.8 – 20.2 |
| Associates/ Bachelors | 133 | 74 (55.6) | 46.8 – 64.2 | 70 (52.6) | 43.8 – 61.3 | 27 (20.3) | 13.8 – 28.1 | 21 (15.8) | 10.0- 23.1 | |
| Masters or higher | 72 | 34 (47.2) | 35.3 – 59.3 | 34 (47.2) | 35.3 – 59.3 | 10 (13.9) | 6.9- 24.1 | 7 (9.7) | 4.0 – 19.0 | |
| Spouse’s occupation | Full–time | 241 | 118** (49.0) | 42.5 – 55.5 | 112** (46.5) | 40.0 – 53.0 | 39 (16.2) | 11.8 – 21.5 | 27** (11.2) | 7.5 – 15.9 |
| Part–time | 112 | 72 (64.3) | 54.7 – 73.1 | 68 (60.7) | 51.0 – 70.0 | 26 (23.2) | 15.8 – 32.1 | 24 (21.4) | 14.2 – 30.2 | |
| Not-working | 44 | 27 (61.4) | 45.5 – 75.6 | 27 (61.4) | 45.5 – 75.6 | 8 (18.2) | 8.2 – 32.7 | 5 (11.4) | 3.8 – 24.6 | |
| Wife’s occupation | Housewife | 264 | 141 (53.4) | 47.2 – 59.5 | 134 (50.8) | 44.6 – 56.9 | 45 (17.0) | 12.7 – 22.1 | 35 (13.3) | 9.4 – 18.0 |
| Employed | 136 | 77 (56.6) | 47.9 – 65.1 | 74 (54.4) | 45.7 – 63.0 | 28 (20.6) | 14.1 – 28.4 | 21 (15.4) | 9.8 – 22.6 | |
| Monthly wage | <10MR | 100 | 61* (61.0) | 50.7 – 70.6 | 55* (55.0) | 44.7 – 65.0 | 21 (21.0) | 13.5 – 30.3 | 21**(21.0) | 13.5 – 30.3 |
| 10–20MR | 138 | 78 (56.5) | 47.8 – 64.9 | 77 (55.8) | 47.1 – 64.2 | 26 (18.8) | 12.7 – 26.4 | 21 (15.2) | 9.7 – 22.3 | |
| 20–50MR | 102 | 54 (52.9) | 42.8 – 62.9 | 52 (51.0) | 40.9 – 61.0 | 20 (19.6) | 12.4 – 28.6 | 12 (11.8) | 6.2 – 19.6 | |
| > 50MR | 60 | 25 (41.7) | 29.1 – 55.1 | 24 (40.0) | 27.6 – 53.5 | 6 (10.0) | 3.8 – 20.5 | 2 (3.3) | 0.4 – 11.5 | |
| Argument in wife’s family | Never | 152 | 64**(42.1) | 34.2 – 50.4 | 60**(39.5) | 31.6 – 47.7 | 14** (9.2) | 5.1 – 15.0 | 15** (9.9) | 5.6 – 15.8 |
| Sometimes | 193 | 117 (60.6) | 53.3 – 67.6 | 113 (58.5) | 51.3 – 65.6 | 46 (23.8) | 18.0 – 30.5 | 27 (14.0) | 9.4 – 19.7 | |
| Often | 54 | 37 (68.5) | 54.4 – 80.5 | 35 (64.8) | 50.6 – 77.3 | 13 (24.1) | 13.5 – 37.6 | 14 (25.9) | 15.0 – 39.7 | |
| Argument in spouse’s family | Never | 126 | 46**(36.5) | 28.1 – 45.6 | 42**(33.3) | 25.2 – 42.3 | 8** (6.3) | 2.8 – 12.1 | 12** (9.5) | 5.0 – 16.0 |
| Sometimes | 218 | 127 (58.3) | 54.4 – 64.9 | 124 (56.9) | 50.0 – 63.4 | 45 (20.6) | 15.5 – 26.6 | 30 (13.8) | 9.5 – 19.1 | |
| Often | 55 | 45 (81.8) | 69.1 – 91.0 | 42 (76.4) | 63.0 – 86.8 | 20 (36.4) | 23.8 – 50.4 | 14 (25.5) | 14-39.0 | |
* means P-value <0.25, ** means P-value <0.05 (significant variables are indicated by star signs in the first row). P–value <0.25 is assumed as the level of selection for logistic regression analysis.
MR = Million Rial