| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Adab 2014 | Not an RCT |
| Al‐Nakeeb 2007 | Longitudinal cohort study ‐ no intervention |
| Alexander 2014 | Not an RCT |
| Almas 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Alves 2008 | Intervention designed for the treatment of childhood obesity |
| Annesi 2015 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Anzman‐Frasca 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Ara 2006 | Longitudinal cohort study ‐ no intervention |
| Arbeit 1992 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Ask 2006 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Ask 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Bacardi‐Gascon 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Balas‐Nakash 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Baranowski 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Beard 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Bellows 2013b | Not an RCT |
| Bergh 2012a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Bergh 2012b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Berry 2007 | Parent‐targeted intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Berry 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Berry 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Bilic‐Kirin 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Birch 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Bjelland 2015 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Bollela 1999a | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Bollela 1999b | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Borys 2000 | Aim was to improve dietary habits of families |
| Briganti 2014 | Not an RCT |
| Bruss 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Buchan 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Burguera 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Burke 1998 | Aim was to improve PA |
| Buscemi 2015 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Cairella 1998 | Aim was to improve nutritional intake |
| Cameron 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Campbell 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Carrel 2005 | Intervention recruited only overweight or obese participants so considered treatment for the purposes of this review |
| Casazza 2006 | Intervention was < 12 weeks |
| Centis 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Chomitz 2003 | Aim was to increase parent awareness of child weight status |
| Copeland 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Cordova 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Cruz 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Cullen 1996 | Aim of the trial was to prevent children's behaviour disorders |
| D'Agostino 1999 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| da Silva 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Daley 2006 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Daniels 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Danielzik 2005 | Intervention was < 12 weeks |
| Davis 2011 | Not an RCT |
| De Bock 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| De Ruyter 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| de Silva‐Sanigorski 2010a | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| de Silva‐Sanigorski 2010b | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| de Silva‐Sanigorski 2010c | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| de Silva‐Sanigorski 2012 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| DeBar 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Della 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Dixon 2000 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Donnelly 1996 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Donnelly 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Donnelly 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Dzewaltowski 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Economos 2007 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Economos 2013 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Ehlert 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Elinder 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Eskicioglu 2014 | Not an RCT |
| Evans 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Fitzgibbon 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Flattum 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Flodmark 1993 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Florea 2005 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Flores 1995 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Fonseca 2007 | Comparative study‐No intervention |
| Fotu 2011 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Francis 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| French 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Frenn 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Gabriele 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Gao 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Gately 2005 | Intervention duration < 12 weeks |
| Gatti 2015 | Not an RCT |
| Gatto 2015 | Not an RCT |
| Gesell 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Goldfield 2006 | Intervention duration < 12 weeks |
| Goldfield 2007 | Intervention duration was < 12 weeks |
| Graf 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Greening 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Hakanen 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Hardy 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Harrell 1998 | Intervention < 12 weeks duration |
| Harrell 1999 | Intervention < 12 weeks duration |
| Hartmann 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Hatzis 2010 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Hauner 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Hawthorne 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| He 2004 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Hernandez 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Herrick 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Hoelscher 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Hoffman 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Hollar 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Hollar 2010a | Not an RCT |
| Hollar 2010b | Not an RCT |
| Hollywood 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Hopper 1996 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Horodynski 2004 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Howard 1996 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Huang 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Huberty 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Ildiko 2007 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Jago 2006 | Intervention duration < 12 weeks |
| Jago 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Jensen 2013a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Jensen 2013b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Jiang 2007 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Johnson 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Johnston 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Jurg 2006 | Study did not report to be measuring any of the primary outcomes of the review |
| Karanja 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Karanja 2012 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Karp 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Katz 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Katz 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Kesztyus 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Kilanowski 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Kim 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| King 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Klakk 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Klish 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Koblinsky 1992 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Kremer 2011 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Krombholz 2012 | Not an RCT |
| LaBresh 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Lachausse 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Lagstrom 1997 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Lakes 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Lambourne 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Lazorick 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| LeMaster 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Li 2010b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Lin 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Lionis 1991 | Aim of the trial was to assess the effects of a health education intervention aimed at reducing risk for CVD and cancer |
| Llaurado 2014 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Lloyd 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Louzada 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Lubans 2012b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Luepker 1996 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Lumeng 2015 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Lynch 2012 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Lytle 2006 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Maggiulli 2015 | Not an RCT |
| Mailey 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Manger 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Manios 1998 | Aim of the trial was to improve PA and fitness |
| Manios 1999 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Martinez‐Andrade 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Matvienko 2010 | Not an RCT |
| McAuley 2010 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| McCallum 2007 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| McGarvey 2004 | Intervention duration < 12 weeks |
| McMurray 2002 | Intervention < 12 weeks duration |
| Melnyk 2007 | Intervention was < 12 weeks |
| Millar 2011 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Mistry 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Moodie 2010a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Moodie 2010b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Moodie 2013 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Morgan 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Muckelbauer 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Mustila 2012a | Not an RCT |
| Mustila 2012b | Not an RCT |
| Mustila 2012c | Not an RCT |
| Mustila 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Navarro 2013 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Nichols 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Niinikoski 1997 | Aim was to improve nutritional intake |
| Nogueira 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Obarzanek 1997 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Oehrig 2001 | Aim of trial was to improve cardiovascular risk factors |
| Padilla 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Pettman 2014 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Plachta‐Danielzik 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Pope 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Pratt 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Prins 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Puma 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Quarles 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Rask‐Nissila 2000 | Aim of trial was to examine neurological development |
| Rawlins 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Reed 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Reinehr 2007 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Resaland 2014 | Not an RCT |
| Resnicow 2005 | Intervention designed specifically for the treatment of obesity |
| Richmond 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Robinson 1999 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Ronsley 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Roofe 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Roofe 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Rueda 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Rush 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Rush 2014a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Sadowsky 1999 | Intervention duration < 12 weeks |
| Sanders 2014 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Schuna 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Sherwood 2013a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Shofan 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Sigmund 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Sigmund 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Simonetti 1986 | This trial was conducted before 1990 and so was excluded from this review |
| Singhal 2010 | Not an RCT |
| Singhal 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Slusser 2013 | Not an RCT |
| Smith 2012 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Spark 1998 | Aim of the trial was to improve nutritional intake |
| Spencer 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Spieker 2015 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Springer 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Stenevi‐Lundgren 2009 | Aim of the trial was to improve bone health outcomes |
| Stephens 1998 | Aim of the trial was to improve fitness levels |
| Stewart 1995 | Aim was to improve nutritional intake |
| Stice 2015 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Stock 2007 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Strauss 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Swinburn 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Talvia 2004 | Aim of trial was to improve nutritional intake. |
| Tamir 1990 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Tarro 2014a | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Tarro 2014b | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Taveras 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Taylor 2005 | Intervention duration < 12 weeks |
| Telford 2013a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Telford 2013b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Tershakovec 1998 | Trial conducted in hypercholesterolaemic children |
| Toftager 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Toruner 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Toruner 2015 | Not an RCT |
| Treuth 2007 | Cross‐sectional study design. Not evaluating the intervention |
| Trudeau 2000 | This was not an intervention study |
| Tucker 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Utter 2011 | Not an RCT ‐ tier 2 |
| Van Ryzin 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Vandongen 1995 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Wake 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Wallen 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Wang 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Weber 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Willi 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Williams 1998 | Aim of the trial was to prevent CVD |
| Williams 2011 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Williamson 2006 | Intervention recruited only overweight or obese participants so considered treatment for the purposes of this review |
| Williamson 2007 | Cluster allocation with < 6 groups |
| Wilson 2010 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Winter 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Wright 2012 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Wright 2014a | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Wright 2014b | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Yang 2014 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Yildirim 2013 | Age/aim/duration/outcome |
| Yin 2012 | Not an RCT |
| Zanirati 2011 | Not an RCT |
| Zhou 2014 | Not an RCT |
CVD: cardiovascular disease; PA: physical activity; RCT: randomised controlled trial