Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample
| Variable | No PD (n = 63) | PD (n = 133) | Total (n = 196) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender (n, %) | Male | 17 (27) | 45 (34) | 62 (32) |
| Cultural background (n, %) | Non-Western | 22 (35) | 50 (38) | 72 (37) |
| Marital Status (n, %) | Married | 15 (24) | 34 (26) | 49 (25) |
| Divorced | 10 (16) | 20 (15) | 30 (15) | |
| Widowed | 3 (5) | 4 (3) | 7 (4) | |
| Never married | 35 (56) | 74 (56) | 109 (56) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Living situation (n, %) | Living with at least one other person | 37 (59) | 77 (58) | 114 (59) |
| Living alone | 23 (37) | 51 (39) | 74 (38) | |
| Other | 3 (5) | 4 (3) | 7 (4) | |
| Employment status (n, %) | Employed/student | 32 (51) | 52 (44) | 89 (46) |
| Sickness benefits/social security benefits | 26 (41) | 56 (43) | 82 (42) | |
| Other | 5 (8) | 18 (14) | 23 (12) | |
| Educational level (n, %) | Low | 13 (21) | 27 (21) | 40 (21) |
| Intermediate | 22 (35) | 60 (46) | 82 (42) | |
| High | 24 (38) | 42 (32) | 66 (34) | |
| Other | 4 (6) | 3 (2) | 7 (4) | |
| Main income before taxes | ≤1273 a month | 18 (32) | 44 (39) | 62 (37) |
| Symptom severity | ||||
| HRSD score, mean (s.d.)a | 21.73 (4.36) | 23.20 (5.28) | 22.72 (5.04) | |
| IDS, mean (s.d.)b | 37.83 (8.78) | 43.60 (9.88) | 41.62 (9.88) | |
| OQ interpersonal relations, mean (s.d.)c | 16.41 (6.18) | 21.92 (5.16) | 20.31 (6.00) | |
| OQ social role functioning, mean (s.d.)d | 14.17 (5.24) | 16.95 (5.21) | 16.02 (5.37) | |
| HRSD baseline >24 | 16 (25) | 47 (35) | 63 (32) | |
| Depression characteristics | ||||
| Duration present episode (n, %) | Less than 6 months | 17 (27) | 31 (23) | 48 (25) |
| 6 months to 1 year | 14 (22) | 38 (29) | 52 (27) | |
| 1 to 2 years | 10 (16) | 12 (9) | 22 (11) | |
| More than 2 years | 19 (30) | 39 (29) | 58 (30) | |
| Unknown | 3 (5) | 13 (10) | 16 (8) | |
| Prior treatment for current depressive episode (n, %) | Yes | 21 (33) | 49 (37) | 70 (36) |
| Number of prior depressive episodes (n, %)e | None | 25 (40) | 32 (24) | 57 (29) |
| One | 6 (10) | 25 (19) | 31 (16) | |
| Two or more | 32 (51) | 76 (57) | 108 (55) | |
| Comorbid dysthymia (n, %) | Yes | 17 (29) | 48 (39) | 65 (36) |
HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; IDS, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; OQ, Outcome Questionnaire-45; PD, personality disorder; s.d., standard deviation.
a.
F(1) = 3.67, P = 0.06.
b.
F(1) = 14.73, P < 0.01.
c.
F(1) = 28.00, P < 0.01.
d.
F(1) = 9.09, P < 0.01.
e.
χ2(2) = 6.23, P = 0.04.