Table 2. Multivariable-Adjusted Clinical Outcomes at 1 Year Between iFR and FFR in Deferred Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.
| Outcome | Nondiabetes | Diabetes | P Value for Interaction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iFR, No. (%) (n = 477) | FFR, No. (%) (n = 402) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | P Value | iFR, No. (%) (n = 161) | FFR, No. (%) (n = 177) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Primary end point: MACEb | 15 (3.1) | 18 (4.5) | 0.83 (0.37-1.85) | .64 | 11 (6.8) | 9 (5.1) | 0.98 (0.38-2.55) | .97 | .58 |
| Cardiac death, MI, or unplanned revascularization | 12 (2.5) | 15 (3.7) | 0.77 (0.32-1.87) | .56 | 9 (5.6) | 8 (4.5) | 1.03 (0.38-2.83) | .95 | .54 |
| Death | |||||||||
| Any cause | 5 (1.1) | 3 (0.8) | 1.30 (0.20-8.39) | .78 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | NA | NA | .83 |
| Cardiovascular causes | 2 (0.4) | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Noncardiovascular causes | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.8) | 0.87 (0.11-7.12) | .90 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | NA | NA | .86 |
| Nonfatal myocardial infarction | 0 | 7 (1.7) | NA | NA | 4 (2.5) | 2 (1.1) | 2.63 (0.35-19.99) | .35 | NA |
| Spontaneous MI | |||||||||
| Target vessel MI | 0 | 5 (1.2) | NA | NA | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 1.66 (0.05-53.81) | .78 | NA |
| Non–target vessel MI | 0 | 1 (0.3) | NA | NA | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 2.81 (0.15-51.65) | .49 | NA |
| Periprocedural MI | 0 | 1 (0.3) | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Unplanned revascularization | 10 (2.1) | 14 (3.5) | 0.71 (0.29-1.78) | .47 | 9 (5.6) | 8 (4.5) | 1.02 (0.37-2.80) | .97 | .47 |
Abbreviations: FFR, fractional flow reserve; HR, hazard ratio; iFR, instantaneous wave-free ratio; MACE, major adverse cardiac event; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
a
The included covariates in the multivariable-adjusted model were age, sex, clinical presentation, CCS class for grading of angina pectoris, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, previous MI, and previous PCI.
b
MACE was defined as a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization.